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Laut Aral

Peta Laut Aral.

Laut Aral (bahasa Kazakh: Арал теңізі Aral teñizi; bahasa Uzbek: Orol Dengizi; bahasa Rusia: Аральскοе мοре Aral'skoye more; bahasa Tajik: баҳри Арал bahri Aral; Persia: دریاچه خوارزم Daryocha-i Khorazm) adalah danau yang terletak di Asia Tengah. Danau ini diapit oleh Kazakhstan (Provinsi Aktobe dan Kyzylorda) di utara dan Uzbekistan (Karakalpakstan) di selatan. Nama danau ini secara kasar dapat diterjemahkan menjadi "Laut Kepulauan", yang merujuk pada lebih dari 1.500 pulau yang pernah ada di danau ini.

Sebelumnya danau ini adalah salah satu danau terbesar di dunia, dengan luas 68.000 kilometer persegi (26.300 sq mi). Sayangnya, danau ini menyusut sejak tahun 1960-an karena sungai yang mengalir ke danau ini dialihkan ke tempat lain untuk proyek irigasi Uni Soviet. Pada tahun 2007, hanya sekitar 10% danau yang masih tersisa.[1]

Animasi menyusutnya Laut Aral.

Industri perikanan pernah berkembang di tempat ini, tetapi industri ini telah hancur akibat penyusutan danau. Wilayah Laut Aral juga tercemar, sehingga mengakibatkan munculnya masalah kesehatan. Penyusutan danau dilaporkan mengakibatkan perubahan iklim lokal. Musim panas menjadi lebih panas dan kering, sementara musim dingin berlangsung lebih panjang dengan suhu yang lebih dingin.[2]

Saat ini Kazakhstan mencoba menyelamatkan Laut Aral Utara. Maka proyek bendungan diselesaikan pada tahun 2005. Pada tahun 2008, permukaan air kembali meninggi.[3] Kadar garam berkurang, dan ikan-ikan kembali bermunculan. Akan tetapi, nasib Laut Aral Selatan masih suram.

Menyusutnya Laut Aral telah dijuluki sebagai "salah satu bencana lingkungan terburuk di planet ini".[4]

Referensi

  1. ^ Philip Micklin; Nikolay V. Aladin (March 2008). "Reclaiming the Aral Sea". Scientific American. Diakses tanggal 2008-05-17. 
  2. ^ U.S. Geological Survey (2007-05-01). "Earthshots: Aral Sea". U.S. Department of the Interior. Diakses tanggal 2008-05-17. 
  3. ^ The rehabilitation of the ecosystem and bioproductivity of the Aral Sea under conditions of water scarcity Diarsipkan 2012-02-13 di Wayback Machine. (rev. 2007 Aug.)
  4. ^ Daily Telegraph (2010-04-05). "Aral Sea 'one of the planet's worst environmental disasters'". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-10-06. Diakses tanggal 2010-05-01. 

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