Lanau

Lanau[1] (bahasa Inggris: silt) adalah tanah atau butiran penyusun tanah/batuan yang berukuran di antara pasir dan lempung. Lanau dapat membentuk endapan yang mengapung di permukaan air maupun yang tenggelam.

Beberapa pustaka berbahasa Indonesia menyebut objek ini sebagai debu.

Pembentukan

Lanau biasanya terbentuk dari pecahnya kristal kuarsa berukuran pasir.[2] Pemecahan secara alami melibatkan pelapukan batuan[3] dan regolit secara kimiawi maupun pelapukan secara fisik melalui embun beku (frost)[4] dan haloclasty[5] Proses utama melibatkan abrasi, baik padat (oleh gletser), cair (pengendapan sungai), maupun oleh angin.[6] Di wilayah-wilayah setengah kering produksi lanau biasanya cukup tinggi. Lanau yang terbentuk secara glasial (oleh gletser) dalam bahasa Inggris kadang-kadang disebut sebagai rock flour ("bubuk batu") atau stone dust ("debu batu"). Secara komposisi mineral, lanau tersusun dari kuarsa dan felspar.

Kriteria ukuran butiran

Endapat lanau di sekitar rumah dan mobil di New Orleans sehabis banjir besar.

Kriteria menurut Skala Udden-Wentworth, ukuran partikel lanau berada di antara 3,9 sampai 62,5 μm, lebih besar daripada lempung tetapi lebih kecil daripada pasir. ISO 14688 memberi batasan antara 0,002 mm dan 0,063 mm, lempung harus lebih kecil dan pasir lebih besar. Pada kenyataannya, ukuran lempung dan lanau sering kali saling tumpang tindih, karena keduanya memiliki struktur kimiawi yang berbeda. Lempung terbentuk dari partikel-partikel berbentuk datar/lempengan yang terikat secara elektrostatik. Kriteria USDA, yang diadopsi oleh FAO, memberi batas ukuran 0,05 mm untuk membedakan pasir dari lanau.[7] Ini berbeda dari batasan Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) dan Sistem Klasifikasi Tanah AASHTO (lembaga pengatur standar sipil Amerika Serikat), yang memberi ukuran batas 0.075 mm (atau pengayak #200). Lanau dan lempung dibedakan bukan dari ukuran tetapi dari plastisitasnya.


Rujukan

  1. ^ (Indonesia) Arti kata lanau dalam situs web Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia oleh Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia.
  2. ^ Moss, A J (1975). "Sand and silt grains: Predetermination of their formation and properties by microfractures in quartz". Australian Journal of Earth Sciences. 22 (4): 485–495. doi:10.1080/00167617508728913. 
  3. ^ Nahon, D (1982). "Origin of siltstones:glacial grinding versus weathering". Sedimentology. 29: 25–35. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3091.1982.tb01706.x. 
  4. ^ Lautridou, J P (1982). "Experimental frost shattering: 15 years of research at the Centre de Geomorphologie du CNRS". Progress in Physical Geography. 6: 215–232. doi:10.1177/030913338200600202. 
  5. ^ Goudie, A S (1995). "The nature and pattern of debris liberated by salt weathering: a laboratory study". Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. 9: 95–98. doi:10.1002/esp.3290090112. 
  6. ^ Wright, J S (1998). "Mechanisms of loess-sized quartz silt production and their relative effectiveness: laboratory simulations". Geomorphology. 23: 15–34. doi:10.1016/S0169-555X(97)00084-6. 
  7. ^ "Particle Size (618.43)". National Soil Survey Handbook Part 618 (42-55) Soil Properties and Qualities. United States Department of Agriculture - Natural Resource Conservation Service. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2006-05-27. Diakses tanggal 2006-05-31. 

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