Konsentrasi Larutan

Konsentrasi larutan merupakan cara untuk menyatakan hubungan kuantitatif antara zat terlarut dan pelarut. Menyatakan konsentrasi larutan ada beberapa macam, di antaranya:

Fraksi mol

Fraksi mol adalah perbandingan antara jumiah mol suatu komponen dengan jumlah mol seluruh komponen yang terdapat dalam larutan.

Fraksi mol dilambangkan dengan X.

Contoh: Suatu larutan terdiri dari 3 mol zat terlarut A den 7 mol zat terlarut B. maka:

XA = nA / (nA + nB) = 3 / (3 + 7) = 0.3

XB = nB /(nA + nB) = 7 / (3 + 7) = 0.7

  • XA + XB = 1
Persen berat

Persen berat menyatakan gram berat zat terlarut dalam 100 gram larutan.

Contoh: Larutan gula 5% dalam air, artinya: dalam 100 gram larutan terdapat:

- gula = 5/100 x 100 = 5 gram

- air = 100 - 5 = 95 gram

Molalitas (m)

Molalitas menyatakan mol zat terlarut dalam 1000 gram pelarut.

Contoh: Hitunglah molalitas 4 gram NaOH (Mr = 40) dalam 500 gram air !

- molalitas NaOH = (4/40) / 500 gram air = (0.1 x 2 mol) / 1000 gram air = 0,2 m

Molaritas (M)

Molaritas menyatakan jumlah mol zat terlarut dalam 1 liter larutan.

Contoh: Berapakah molaritas 9.8 gram H2SO4 (Mr= 98) dalam 250 ml larutan ?

- molaritas H2SO4 = (9.8/98) mol / 0.25 liter = (0.1 x 4) mol / liter = 0.4 M

Normalitas (N)

Normalitas menyatakan jumlah mol ekivalen zat terlarut dalam 1 liter larutan. Untuk asam, 1 mol ekivalennya sebanding dengan 1 mol ion H+. Untuk basa, 1 mol ekivalennya sebanding dengan 1 mol ion OH-.

Antara Normalitas dan Molaritas terdapat hubungan:

N = M x valensi

Referensi

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