Konflik beku

Geopolitik Eropa Timur pada awal 2014 yang menunjukkan zona-zona konflik beku Transnistria, Krimea, Abkhazia, dan Ossetia Selatan (nomor 1–4) serta Artsakh (daerah berwarna gelap di Azerbaijan), Siprus Utara (daerah berwarna terang di Siprus), dan Kosovo (daerah berwarna krem di Serbia). Israel, wilayah Palestina, dan Dataran Tinggi Golan juga ada di peta, tetapi tidak disorot. Zona konflik beku lainnya tidak ditampilkan.

Dalam hubungan internasional, konflik beku adalah situasi ketika konflik bersenjata aktif sudah berakhir, tetapi tidak diselesaikan secara resmi oleh kedua belah pihak melalui perjanjian damai atau kerangka kerja politik lainnya. Karena itu, secara teknis, konflik ini bisa dimulai lagi kapan saja sehingga menciptakan suasana ketidakamanan dan ketidakstabilan.

Istilah ini sering dipakai untuk menyebut konflik pasca-Soviet, tetapi juga digunakan untuk menyebut sengketa wilayah lainnya.[1][2][3] Situasi de facto yang terbentuk bisa saja menyerupai posisi de jure yang dikehendaki satu pihak. Misalnya, Rusia mengklaim dan menguasai Krimea usai krisis Krimea 2014 meski Ukraina tetap bersikukuh mengklaim Krimea sebagai wilayahnya. Sebaliknya, situasi de facto bisa saja tidak menyerupai klaim keduda belah pihak. Misalnya, dalam pembagian Korea, Republik Korea dan Republik Rakyat Demokratik Korea secara resmi mengklaim seluruh Semenanjung Korea, tetapi ada perbatasan fisik di antara kedua negara.

Konflik beku kadang-kadang menghasilkan negara kurang pengakuan (partially-recognized state). Contohnya, Republik Ossetia Selatan yang terbentuk akibat konflik Georgia–Ossetia diakui oleh delapan negara, yaitu lima anggota PBB dan tiga negara kurang pengakuan.

Lihat pula

Catatan

Referensi

  1. ^ Simon Tisdall (2010-09-22). "This dangerous new world of self-interested nations". The Guardian. Diakses tanggal 2014-03-22. 
  2. ^ "North and South Korea: A Frozen Conflict on the Verge of Unfreezing?". Isn.ethz.ch. Diakses tanggal 2014-03-22. 
  3. ^ "Europe: Frozen conflicts". The Economist. 2008-11-19. Diakses tanggal 2014-03-22. 

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