Komite Church

Komite Church (nama resmi: Komite Khusus Senat Amerika Serikat untuk Mengkaji Operasi Pemerintah sehubungan dengan Kegiatan Intelijen) adalah sebuah komite khusus Senat Amerika Serikat yang dibentuk pada tahun 1975 untuk menyelidiki pelanggaran yang dilakukan oleh Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), National Security Agency (NSA), Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), dan Internal Revenue Service. Diketuai oleh Senator Idaho Frank Church (D-ID), komite ini adalah satu dari sejumlah komite yang bertugas menyelidiki pelanggaran intelijen pada tahun 1975, bersama dengan komite DPR, Komite Pike, dan Komisi Rockefeller kepresidenan. Upaya komite tersebut memgawali pembentukan sebuah Komite Intelijen Senat permanen di Amerika Serikat.

Temuan paling mengejutkan dari komite ini adalah Operasi MKULTRA, praktik pemberian obat-obatan dan penyiksaan terhadap warga negara AS tanpa disadari sebagai bagian dari eksperimen pengendalian pikiran manusia,^[1]^[2] COINTELPRO, program pengawasan dan infiltrasi terhadap organisasi politik dan hak sipil di Amerika,^[3] dan Family Jewels, sebuah program CIA untuk membunuh para pemimpin asing secara diam-diam.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]

Komite ini juga mengungkap Proyek SAMROCK, sebuah program yang dilancarkan oleh perusahaan telekomunikasi besar untuk berbagi data dengan NSA, dan secara resmi mengungkapkan adanya program intelijen sinyal kepada publik untuk pertama kalinya.

Referensi

^ "The Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, Foreign and Military Intelligence". Church Committee report, no. 94-755, 94th Cong., 2d Sess. Washington, D.C.: United States Congress. 1976. hlm. 392. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal June 26, 2003.
^ "Project MKULTRA, The CIA'sProgram Of Research InBehavioral Modification" (PDF). August 3, 1977. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal February 2, 2019.
^ "Intelligence Activities and the Rights of Americans – Church Committee final report. II" (PDF). US Senate Select Committee on Intelligence. United States Senate. April 26, 1976. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal September 16, 2015.
^ "The CIA's Family Jewels". National Security Archive, George Washington University. 16 May 1973. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal August 20, 2017. Diakses tanggal 4 May 2021.
^ "A glimpse into the CIA's 'family jewels'". The New York Times (dalam bahasa Inggris). 2007-06-26. ISSN 0362-4331. Diakses tanggal 2021-05-04.
^ "Church Committee Reports, Interim Report: Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders, Book I". Assassination Archives and Public Research Center. April 26, 1976. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal April 22, 2008.
^ "U.S. Senate: Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities". www.senate.gov. Diakses tanggal 2021-05-04.

Bacaan lanjutan

Johnson, Loch K. (1988). A Season of Inquiry, Congress and Intelligence. Chicago: Dorsey Press. ISBN 978-0-256-06320-2.
Smist, Frank J. Jr. (1990). Congress Oversees the United States Intelligence Community, 1947–1989. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. ISBN 978-0-87049-651-6.

Pranala luar

Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Church Committee.

Read other articles:

Dichostates lignarius

Dichostates lignarius Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Animalia Filum: Arthropoda Kelas: Insecta Ordo: Coleoptera Famili: Cerambycidae Genus: Dichostates Spesies: Dichostates lignarius Dichostates lignarius adalah spesies kumbang tanduk panjang yang tergolong famili Cerambycidae. Spesies ini juga merupakan bagian dari genus Dichostates, ordo Coleoptera, kelas Insecta, filum Arthropoda, dan kingdom Animalia. Larva kumbang ini biasanya mengebor ke dalam kayu dan dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada ba...

Scarborough, Western Australia

Suburb of Perth, Western AustraliaScarboroughPerth, Western AustraliaRendezvous Observation CityCoordinates31°53′39″S 115°45′51″E / 31.8942°S 115.7642°E / -31.8942; 115.7642Population17,605 (SAL 2021)[1]Postcode(s)6019Area5.0 km2 (1.9 sq mi)Location13 km (8 mi) NW of Perth CBDLGA(s)City of StirlingState electorate(s)ScarboroughFederal division(s)Curtin Suburbs around Scarborough: Trigg Karrinyup Scarborough Doubleview ...

Zbigniew Bujak

Bujak in 2008 Bujak in 1991 Zbigniew Bujak (born 29 November 1954) is a former Polish activist and anti-Communist dissident. Biography Bujak was an electrician and foreman in 1980 at the Ursus tractor factory near Warsaw, Poland. He became engaged with trade union activists, and during the strike action, he organized strike committees at the Ursus factory. He became chairman of the Warsaw Solidarity branch in September 1980 and was one of the few Solidarity leaders who escaped arrest in 1981...

Hellenistic-era warships

Oared warships The famous 2nd century BC Nike of Samothrace, standing atop the prow of an oared warship, most probably a trihemiolia. From the 4th century BC on, new types of oared warships appeared in the Mediterranean Sea, superseding the trireme and transforming naval warfare. Ships became increasingly large and heavy, including some of the largest wooden ships hitherto constructed. These developments were spearheaded in the Hellenistic Near East, but also to a large extent shared by the n...

Пугачёва, Алла Борисовна

Запрос «Пугачёва» перенаправляется сюда; см. также другие значения. Алла Пугачёва На фестивале «Славянский базар в Витебске», 2016 год Основная информация Полное имя Алла Борисовна Пугачёва Дата рождения 15 апреля 1949(1949-04-15) (75 лет) Место рождения Москва, СССР[1]...

Kiss or Kiss

KISS or KISSsingolo discograficoArtistaNana Kitade Pubblicazione2005 Durata3:59 Album di provenienza18 -eighteen- GenereJ-rock EtichettaSony Music Japan ProduttoreHonma Akiri Registrazione2005 FormatiCD Nana Kitade - cronologiaSingolo precedentepureness/nanairo(2004)Singolo successivoKanashimi no Kizu(2005) Kiss or Kiss (KISS or KISS) è il quinto singolo della cantautrice giapponese Nana Kitade, pubblicato il 1º giugno 2005. Debuttò alla posizione numero 11 dell'Oricon.[1] La canzo...

Грант (округ, Вашингтон)

Эта статья об округе в штате Вашингтон; другие значения: Грант (округ). ОкругГрантангл. Grant County 47°13′ с. ш. 119°28′ з. д.HGЯO Страна США Входит в штат Вашингтон Адм. центр Эфрейта[англ.] История и география Дата образования 24 февраля 1909 Площадь 7229 км² (6944 км² — с�...

ЛДПР

«ЛДПР — Либерально-демократическая партия России» Лидер Леонид Слуцкий Основатель Владимир Жириновский Основана 13 декабря 1989 (как ЛДПСС) 18 апреля 1992 (как ЛДПР) Штаб-квартира Москва, 1-й Басманный переулок, дом 3, корпус 1 Страна Россия Идеология Русский национализмРусс...

Cumberland Highway

Highway in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Cumberland Highway(numerous constituent roads)New South WalesCumberland Highway as Pennant Hills Road at Thornleigh in 2016Northeast endSouthwest endCoordinates 33°43′12″S 151°06′22″E / 33.719918°S 151.106190°E / -33.719918; 151.106190 (Northeast end) 33°54′53″S 150°55′14″E / 33.914697°S 150.920488°E / -33.914697; 150.920488 (Southwest end) General informationTypeHighw...

土库曼斯坦总统

土库曼斯坦总统土库曼斯坦国徽土库曼斯坦总统旗現任谢尔达尔·别尔德穆哈梅多夫自2022年3月19日官邸阿什哈巴德总统府（Oguzkhan Presidential Palace）機關所在地阿什哈巴德任命者直接选举任期7年，可连选连任首任萨帕尔穆拉特·尼亚佐夫设立1991年10月27日土库曼斯坦土库曼斯坦政府与政治国家政府土库曼斯坦宪法国旗国徽国歌立法機關（英语：National Council of Turkmenistan） ...

Garching bei München

Lihat pula Garching an der Alz di distrik Altötting district, Bayern, Jerman. Garching bei München Garching Lambang kebesaranLetak Garching bei München NegaraJermanNegara bagianBayernWilayahUpper BavariaKreisMünchenPemerintahan • MayorDietmar Gruchmann (SPD)Luas • Total28,16 km2 (1,087 sq mi)Ketinggian481 m (1,578 ft)Populasi (2013-12-31)[1] • Total16.437 • Kepadatan5,8/km2 (15/sq mi)Zona waktuWET/W...

Lescar

Lescarcomune Lescar – Veduta LocalizzazioneStato Francia Regione Nuova Aquitania Dipartimento Pirenei Atlantici ArrondissementPau CantoneLescar, Gave et Terres du Pont-Long TerritorioCoordinate43°20′N 0°25′W / 43.333333°N 0.416667°W43.333333; -0.416667 (Lescar)Coordinate: 43°20′N 0°25′W / 43.333333°N 0.416667°W43.333333; -0.416667 (Lescar) Altitudine154 m s.l.m. Superficie26,45 km² Abitanti10 322[1]&#...

Nuweiba

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Arabic. (April 2019) Click [show] for important translation instructions. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-q...

Contrabbasso

ContrabbassoUn moderno contrabbasso con un arco francese e un pickupInformazioni generaliOrigineItalia InvenzioneXVI secolo Classificazione321.322-71 Cordofoni composti, con corde parallele alla cassa armonica, ad arco FamigliaViole da braccio UsoMusica barocca Musica galante e classica Musica europea dell'Ottocento Musica contemporanea Musica jazz e black music EstensioneIl contrabbasso è uno strumento traspositore d'ottava, le sue note vengono scritte un'ottava più in alto rispetto al suo...

Daftar pembawa bendera Siprus pada Olimpiade

Siprus padaOlimpiadeKode IOCCYPKONKomite Olimpiade SiprusSitus webwww.olympic.org.cy (dalam bahasa Yunani)Medali 0 1 0 Total 1 Penampilan Musim Panas19801984198819921996200020042008201220162020Penampilan Musim Dingin198019841988199219941998200220062010201420182022 Berikut ini adalah daftar pembawa bendera yang mewakili Siprus pada Olimpiade.[1] Para pembawa bendera membawa bendera nasional negara mereka pada acara pembukaan Permainan Olimpiade. # Tahun acara Musim Pemba...

Men's Oceania Cup

This article is about the men's field hockey competition. For other uses, see Oceania Cup (disambiguation). Men's Oceania CupCurrent season, competition or edition: 2023 Men's Oceania CupSportField hockeyFounded1999; 25 years ago (1999)First season1999No. of teams2ConfederationOHF (Oceania)Most recentchampion(s) Australia (12th title) (2023)Most titles Australia (12 titles) The Oceania Cup is an international men's field hockey competition organised by Oceania Hock...

南非經濟

南非经济南非經濟首都約翰內斯堡货币蘭特（ZAR）财政年度4月1日 – 3月31日（政府）；3月1日 – 2月28/29日（企業及私人）贸易组织世界貿易組織、20國集團、南部非洲關稅聯盟及其他统计数据GDP7309.13亿美元（名义值，2023年估计值） 1.050 万亿美元（购买力平价，2023 年估计值）GDP增长率▲ +2.6% (2012年估計) 人均GDP8,078美元 (2011年) (名義; 71位) 11,035美元 (2011年估計) (購買力平價;...

Consignee

Party who receives the good in a contract of carriage See also: Consignment Admiralty law History Code of Hammurabi Corpus Juris Civilis Digesta Ordinamenta et consuetudo maris Amalfian Laws Hanseatic League Features Fishing Illegal Fisheries law Maritime transport Shipping/Ferry Cargo Freight Shipbuilding Merchant marine Cargo ship Passenger ship Mortgage Registration Marine insurance Act of God Cargo Collision General average Seaworthiness Total loss Maritime security Letter of marque Drugs...

Kolapo Ishola

Nigerian politician (1934–2011) Kolapo IsholaGovernor of Oyo StateIn office2 January 1992 – 17 November 1993DeputyAhmed GbadamosiPreceded byAbdulkareem AdisaSucceeded byAdetoye Oyetola Sode Personal detailsBornKolapo Olawuyi Ishola(1934-06-06)6 June 1934[1]Died9 August 2011(2011-08-09) (aged 77)Ibadan, NigeriaPolitical partySocial Democratic Party (1991–1993)SpouseGrace IsholaOccupationPolitician Chief Kolapo Olawuyi Ishola (6 June 1934[2] – 9 August 2011...

Lamantin

Trichechus Pour l’article ayant un titre homophone, voir Lamentin. Trichechus LamantinClassification Règne Animalia Embranchement Chordata Sous-embr. Vertebrata Classe Mammalia Infra-classe Placentalia Super-ordre Afrotheria Clade Tethytheria Ordre Sirenia FamilleTrichechidaeGill, 1872 GenreTrichechusLinnaeus, 1758 Espèces de rang inférieur Trichechus inunguis Trichechus manatus Trichechus senegalensis Trichechus pygmaeus (possiblesous-espèce de Trichechus inunguis)[1],[2] Répartition ...