Komanderi

Komanderi (bahasa Belanda: Commanderij) atau Komenda (bahasa Latin: Commenda) adalah satuan tanah pertuanan feodal terkecil di Eropa, yang berada di bawah kendali seorang komandan tarekat militer. Istilah ini juga digunakan sebagai sebutan bagi remunerasi atau balas jasa dalam bentuk lahan yang diberikan kepada seorang komandan tarekat kesatria. Komanderi setara dengan lahan biara.

Etimologi

Istilah "komanderi" berasal dari kata "commendaria" atau "commenda" dalam bahasa Latin Abad Pertengahan, yang berarti tanah atau harta yang dikuasai oleh seseorang secara in commendam (dengan hak guna usaha).[1] [2]

Mula-mula komanderi merupakan tanah pertuanan, khususnya tanah partikelir milik Gereja, yang dikuasai secara in commendam. Tarekat-tarekat militer Abad Pertengahan mengadopsi struktur organisasi biara, dan istilah komanderi dijadikan sebutan bagi satuan wilayah Tarekat Kesatria Santo Yohanes Yerusalem (Tarekat Kesatria Penyantun). Di kemudian hari, istilah "komanderi" juga digunakan sebagai sebutan bagi satuan wilayah oleh Tarekat Kesartia Teuton dan tarekat-tarekat kesatria lainnya.[2] Properti milik tarekat terbagi menjadi sejumlah priorat. Priorat terbagi lagi menjadi sejumlah distrik. Distrik selanjutnya terbagi menjadi sejumlah komanderi atau komenda. Tiap-tiap komanderi dikepalai oleh seorang komandan atau kepala komenda (bahasa Latin: commendator). Komanderi juga merupakan sebutan bagi upah atau balas jasa yang diberikan kepada seorang komandan tarekat kesatria.[1]

Komanderi Kesatria Teuton disebut Komturei, yang dikepalai oleh seorang Komtur. Komanderi Kesatria Kenisah disebut praeceptoria (perguruan atau balai penataran), yang dikepalai oleh seorang praeceptor (guru atau penatar). Pada tahun 1540, properti milik Kesatria Penyantun di Inggris, yakni komanderi-komanderi, disita oleh negara dan dijadikan properti raja.[2]

Pemakaian istilah

Zaman Modern

Abad Pertengahan

Di Timur Dekat dan seluruh Eropa:

Lihat pula

Rujukan

  1. ^ a b Chisholm 1911, hlm. 765.
  2. ^ a b c "commandery | commandry, n." OED Online, Oxford University Press, Desember 2018, www.oed.com/view/Entry/36962. Diakses 9 Desember 2018.

Catatan

 Artikel ini menyertakan teks dari suatu terbitan yang sekarang berada pada ranah publik: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Commandery". Encyclopædia Britannica. 6 (edisi ke-11). Cambridge University Press. hlm. 765. 

Read other articles:

Dear Nathan: Thank You Salma

Dear Nathan: Thank You SalmaSutradaraKuntz AgusProduserGope T. SamtaniDitulis olehBagus BramantiBerdasarkanThank You Salmaoleh Erisca FebrianiPemeran Jefri Nichol Amanda Rawles Ardhito Pramono Indah Permatasari Susan Sameh Penata musikAndhika TriyadiSinematograferArfianPenyunting Ryan Purwoko Wildan M Cahyo Perusahaanproduksi Rapi Films Screenplay Films Tanggal rilis 13 Januari 2022 (2022-01-13) (Indonesia) Durasi112 menitNegaraIndonesiaBahasaBahasa Indonesia Dear Nathan: Thank...

 

 

National Highway 502A (India)

National highway in India National Highway 502AMap of National Highway 502A in redRoute informationLength100 km (62 mi)Major junctionsNorth endLawngtlaiSouth endIndia/Myanmar Border LocationCountryIndiaStatesMizoram Highway system Roads in India Expressways National State Asian ← NH 2→ NH 2 National Highway 502A, commonly referred to as NH 502A is a national highway in India.[1][2] It is a spur road of National Highway 2.[3] NH-502A travers...

 

 

羅生門 (電影)

本條目存在以下問題，請協助改善本條目或在討論頁針對議題發表看法。 此條目需要补充更多来源。 (2018年3月17日)请协助補充多方面可靠来源以改善这篇条目，无法查证的内容可能會因為异议提出而被移除。致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：羅生門 (電影) — 网页、新闻、书籍、学术、图像），以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源（判定指引）。 �...

Salman Aristo

Salman AristoLahir13 April 1976 (umur 47)Jakarta, IndonesiaPekerjaanpenulis skenario, produser, sutradaraTahun aktif2003 - sekarangSuami/istriGina S. Noer Salman Aristo (lahir 13 April 1976) adalah seorang penulis skenario film, produser, dan sutradara asal Indonesia.[1] Dikenal oleh publik lewat karya-karyanya seperti Laskar Pelangi (film) dan Garuda di Dadaku. Melalui Athirah bersama Riri Riza, berhasil meraih Piala Citra untuk kategori Penulis Skenario Adaptasi Terbaik p...

 

 

Quetiapine

Atypical antipsychotic medication QuetiapineClinical dataPronunciation/kwɪˈtaɪ.əpiːn/ kwi-TY-ə-peen Trade namesSeroquel, Seroquel XR, Temprolide, othersAHFS/Drugs.comMonographMedlinePlusa698019License data US DailyMed: Quetiapine Pregnancycategory AU: B3 Routes ofadministrationBy mouthDrug classAtypical antipsychoticATC codeN05AH04 (WHO) Legal statusLegal status AU: S4 (Prescription only)[2] BR: Class C1 (Other controlled substances)[3...

 

 

Arknights

Arknights Logo Arknights versi globalPublikasiCHN: 1 Mei 2019JP/KR: 15 Januari 2020WW: 16 Januari 2020TW: 29 Juni 2020GenreBermain peran, pertahanan menaraKarakteristik teknisSistem operasiAndroid dan iOS PlatformiOS dan Android MesinUnity3DFormatdistribusi digital dan unduhan digital Metode inputlayar sentuh Format kode Daftar 30 Informasi pengembangPengembangHypergryphPenyuntingHyperGryph (en) (Tiongkok Daratan)Yostar (en) (Jepang, Korea Selatan, anglosfer)hasuhasu (en) (Two sides, three pl...

Isola della Presa

Isola della PresaGeografia fisicaLocalizzazionemar Tirreno Coordinate41°18′36″N 9°22′31″E / 41.31°N 9.375278°E41.31; 9.375278Coordinate: 41°18′36″N 9°22′31″E / 41.31°N 9.375278°E41.31; 9.375278 ArcipelagoArcipelago di La Maddalena Altitudine massima49 m s.l.m. Geografia politicaStato Italia Regione Sardegna Provincia Sassari CartografiaIsola della Presa   voci di isole d'Italia presenti su Wikipedia L'isola ...

 

 

Cumi asin

Cumi asin Cumi asin adalah cumi-cumi yang diawetkan dengan garam kering dan kemudian disajikan untuk disantap. Pengeringan atau penggaraman, entah dengan garam kering atau air garam banyak dipakai sebagai metode pengawetan makanan laut.[1] Cumi asin umum ditemukan di negara-negara pantai Asia, khususnya Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Hong Kong, Tiongkok Selatan, Korea Selatan dan Jepang. Di Indonesia, cumi asin biasa diolah menjadi aneka ragam hidangan, seperti sambal cumi, o...

 

 

Sergi Palencia

Spanish footballer In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Palencia and the second or maternal family name is Hurtado. Sergi Palencia Palencia in 2012Personal informationFull name Sergi Palencia HurtadoDate of birth (1996-03-23) 23 March 1996 (age 28)Place of birth Badalona, SpainHeight 1.68 m (5 ft 6 in)[1]Position(s) Right-backTeam informationCurrent team Los Angeles FCNumber 14Youth career2004–2006 Badalona2006–2015 BarcelonaSenior car...

乌克兰总理

 烏克蘭總理Прем'єр-міністр України烏克蘭國徽現任杰尼斯·什米加尔自2020年3月4日任命者烏克蘭總統任期總統任命首任維托爾德·福金设立1991年11月后继职位無网站www.kmu.gov.ua/control/en/（英文） 乌克兰 乌克兰政府与政治系列条目 宪法 政府 总统 弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基 總統辦公室 国家安全与国防事务委员会 总统代表（英语：Representatives of the President of Ukraine） 总...

 

 

Anti-vaccinationism in chiropractic

A summary of anti-vaccine sentiment in the chiropractic profession This article is part of a series onAlternative medicine General information Alternative medicine History Terminology Alternative veterinary medicine Quackery (health fraud) Rise of modern medicine Pseudoscience Antiscience Skepticism Scientific Therapeutic nihilism Fringe medicine and science Acupressure Acupuncture Alkaline diet Anthroposophic medicine Apitherapy Applied kinesiology Aromatherapy Association for Research and E...

 

 

PJ Media

American media company PJTV redirects here. For television station in Indonesia, see Parijz van Java TV. PJ MediaCompany typeSubsidiaryIndustryOnline mediaFounded2004FounderCharles Foster Johnson, Roger L. SimonHeadquartersUnited StatesKey peopleAubrey ChernickRoger L. SimonProductsPJ Media, PJTVOwnerSalem Media GroupWebsitepjmedia.com PJ Media, originally known as Pajamas Media, is an American right-wing[1] subscription-based[2] commentary website. It was founded in 2004, wit...

Italian campaign (World War II)

1943–1945 military campaign Italian campaignPart of the Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II and European theatre of World War IIClockwise from top left: American soldiers fire a bazooka at a German machine gun nest in Lucca Italian partisans fighting in Milan German paratroopers during the Battle of Monte Cassino British forces invading Sicily Date9 July 1943 – 2 May 1945(1 year, 9 months, 3 weeks and 2 days)LocationItaly, San Marino, Vatican CityResu...

 

 

Isonomia

Equality of law Isonomy redirects here. For the Thoroughbred horse, see Isonomy (horse). This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Find sources: Isonomia – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Isonomia (ἰσονομία equality of political rights,[1][2] from the Greek ἴσος ...

 

 

Oklahoma Wesleyan University

University of the Wesleyan church in Bartlesville, Oklahoma Oklahoma Wesleyan UniversityFormer namesCentral Pilgrim College (1905–1968)Bartlesville Wesleyan College (1968–2001)TypePrivate universityEstablished1905Religious affiliationWesleyan ChurchEndowmentUS$5,461,866 (as of 2014)[1]PresidentJim DunnStudents1,204LocationBartlesville, Oklahoma, U.S.36°43′03″N 95°57′24″W / 36.71750°N 95.95667°W / 36.71750; -95.95667ColorsNavy blue and yellow[...

Jean jacket

Jacket made of denim Jean jacketA man pictured wearing a denim jacket in Hungary in 1976TypeJacketMaterialDenimPlace of originUnited States A denim jacket, also called a jean jacket, jeans jacket or trucker jacket, is a jacket made from denim. Introduced in the United States in the late 19th century, it has been a popular type of casual apparel with both men and women and has been described as an iconic element of American fashion. Though a staple of western wear, the denim jacket has also en...

 

 

Akershus

County of Norway This article is about the region of Norway. For other uses, see Akershus (disambiguation). This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (January 2024) County in NorwayAkershusCountyAkershus fylkeAkershus Fortress, in modern Oslo, was the namesake and center of the region of Akershus since the Middle Ages, and was located within Akershus main county until 1919. FlagCoat of armsAkershus within NorwayC...

 

 

Schwibbogen

Christmas lamp arch from the Ore Mountains A typical schwibbogen Bunter Erzgebirgischer Schwibbogen1 Lichterbogen Kunstguss Döhler A Schwibbogen (German pronunciation: [ʃʋəb'boːɡən]) is a decorative candle-holder from the Ore Mountains region of Saxony, Germany. The first metal schwibbogen was made in 1740 in Johanngeorgenstadt. The early candle arches consisted of a single forged piece of black metal which could be painted. The number of candles varies with the size of the arc...

Siemens Open 1999

Siemens Open 1999Sport Tennis Data19 luglio - 25 luglio CampioniSingolare Emilio Benfele Álvarez Doppio Eyal Ran / Tom Vanhoudt 1998 2000 Il Siemens Open 1999 è stato un torneo di tennis facente parte della categoria ATP Challenger Series nell'ambito dell'ATP Challenger Series 1999. Il torneo si è giocato a Scheveningen nei Paesi Bassi dal 19 al 25 luglio 1999 su campi in terra rossa. Indice 1 Vincitori 1.1 Singolare 1.2 Doppio 2 Collegamenti esterni Vincitori Singolare Lo stesso argomento...

 

 

نادي أفيلينو

نادي أفيلينو تأسس عام 1912  البلد إيطاليا  الدوري الدوري الإيطالي الدرجة الرابعة  المدرب ماوريسيو ساري (18 يونيو 2007–23 يوليو 2007)زدينيك زيمان (1 يوليو 2003–30 يونيو 2004)أوجنيو بيرسيليني (25 أكتوبر 1987–30 يونيو 1988)أوتافيو بيانكي (21 نوفمبر 1983–30 يونيو 1984)  الموقع الرسمي الموقع ...