Kolkisina

Struktur kimia kolkisina.

Kolkisina (tidak baku: kolkisin) merupakan alkaloid toksik dan karsinogenik yang diperoleh dari ekstrak tumbuhan Colchicum autumnale dan beberapa anggota suku Colchicaceae lainnya, seperti Gloriosa superba. Rumus kimianya C22H25NO6.

Kolkisina merupakan inhibitor mitosis karena dapat mengikat tubulin (suatu protein), konstituen utama mikrotubula. Mikrotubula memainkan peran penting dalam pembentukan benang spindel pada mitosis. Selain itu, kolkisina juga merupakan inhibitor motilitas dan aktivitas neutrofil, salah satu partikel penyusun darah, sehingga memiliki efek anti-radang (anti inflamatori).

Kolkisina dipakai luas di bidang biologi/pertanian untuk menghasilkan sel-sel poliploidi buatan, karena pemisahan set kromosom terganggu dan sel-sel memiliki set kromosom yang berlipat. Aplikasi kolkisina biasanya dilakukan dengan mencelupkan bagian tanaman dalam larutan kolkisin selama satu hari. Tumbuhan poliploid sering kali memiliki ukuran yang lebih besar daripada tumbuhan normal sehingga disukai oleh petani maupun konsumen.

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