Keyakinan

Keyakinan adalah sebuah sikap subyektif bahwa sesuatu atau proposisi itu benar.^[1] Dalam epistemologi, para filsuf menggunakan istilah "kepercayaan" untuk merujuk pada sikap tentang dunia yang bisa benar atau salah.^[2] Memercayai sesuatu berarti menganggapnya benar; misalnya, percaya bahwa salju itu putih sebanding dengan menerima kebenaran proposisi "salju berwarna putih". Namun, memegang keyakinan tidak membutuhkan introspeksi aktif. Misalnya, hanya sedikit yang mempertimbangkan dengan cermat apakah matahari akan terbit besok atau tidak, hanya dengan asumsi bahwa itu akan.^[2]

Ada berbagai cara yang telah dicoba oleh para filsuf kontemporer untuk menggambarkan kepercayaan, termasuk sebagai representasi dari cara dunia ini bisa jadi (Jerry Fodor), sebagai disposisi untuk bertindak seolah-olah hal-hal tertentu benar (Roderick Chisholm), sebagai skema interpretatif untuk memahami tindakan seseorang (Daniel Dennett dan Donald Davidson), atau sebagai kondisi mental yang mengisi fungsi tertentu (Hilary Putnam).^[2]

Beberapa juga mencoba untuk menawarkan revisi yang signifikan terhadap gagasan kepercayaan, termasuk pendapat bahwa tidak ada fenomena di dunia yang secara alami terjadi sesuai dengan konsep kepercayaan psikologis (Paul Churchland) dan ahli epistemologi formal, yang bertujuan untuk menggantikan gagasan keyakinan bivalen ("baik yang memiliki keyakinan atau yang tidak memiliki keyakinan") dengan gagasan kepercayaan yang lebih permisif.^[2]^[3]

Keyakinan adalah subjek dari berbagai perdebatan filosofis yang penting. Contoh penting termasuk: "Bagaimana cara rasional untuk merevisi keyakinan seseorang ketika disajikan dengan berbagai macam bukti?", "Apakah isi keyakinan sepenuhnya ditentukan oleh kondisi mental, atau fakta yang relevan ada hubungannya dengan keyakinan?", " Seberapa halus atau kasar keyakinan itu?", dan "Haruskah keyakinan dapat diungkapkan dalam bahasa, atau adakah keyakinan non-linguistik?".^[2]

Referensi

^ Primmer, Justin (2018), "Belief", dalam Primmer, Justin, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Stanford, CA: The Metaphysics Research Lab, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 15 November 2019, diakses tanggal 2008-09-19
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Belief". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 15 November 2019. Diakses tanggal 22 June 2020.
^ "Formal Representations of Belief". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 11 July 2020. Diakses tanggal 22 June 2020.

Pranala luar

Lihat belief di Wiktionary, kamus gratis.

(Inggris) Entri Belief di Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy oleh Eric Schwitzgebel
Beliefnet - Belief-o-matic
Compare Different Beliefs Diarsipkan 2008-12-25 di Wayback Machine. Information on different religions/beliefs
Beliefs and Practices Belief refers to a part of a wider Spirituality
Think without Beliefs Diarsipkan 2014-07-23 di Wayback Machine. Does rational thinking require the adherence to beliefs at all?
Religious Beliefs Diarsipkan 2009-01-22 di Wayback Machine. Submit a belief and read about others' thoughts.
Ethics of Belief Classic WK Clifford essay that belief by its nature is unethical, with counterpoint by William James
How Belief Works Diarsipkan 2015-05-06 di Wayback Machine. Article from Derrick Farnell on the formation of beliefs.
William Kingdon Clifford. Ethics of Belief Classic essay arguing that beliefs (and the processes that form them) have ethical implications, with counterpoint essay from William James entitled "The Will to Believe".

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