Kerajaan Sine

Peta lokasi Kerajaan Sine.

Kerajaan Sine (juga dieja Sin atau Siin dalam bahasa Serer) adalah sebuah kerajaan yang terletak di tepi utara Delta Saloum di wilayah Senegal pada masa prakolonial. Sebagian besar penduduk kerajaan ini adalah orang Serer.[1] Raja-rajanya bergelar Maad a Sinig atau Mad a Sinig. Istilah Bour Sine juga digunakan oleh orang-orang non-Serer untuk menyebut gelar raja Serer. Kata Bour atau Buur adalah kata dalam bahasa Wolof yang berarti "raja".[2][3].

Sejarah

Maad a Sinig Maysa Wali Jaxateh Manneh telah melarikan diri dari Kaabu bersama dengan keluarganya setelah terjadinya Pertempuran Troubang (1335). Ia kemudian diterima oleh para bangsawan Serer di Sine.[4][5] Setelah Maysa Wali terasimilasi di dalam kebudayaan Serer dan menjadi penasihat agung di Sine,[6] ia dimahkotai sebagai raja oleh para bangsawan.[5] Ia menjadi raja Senegambia pertama yang secara sukarela menyatakan kesetiaannya kepada Ndiadiane Ndiaye dan membuat Sine menjadi vassal Kekaisaran Wolof.[7][8] Menjelang tahun 1550, Kerajaan Sine dan Saloum menolak kekuasaan Wolof dan menjadi kerajaan-kerajaan merdeka.[9]

Raja-raja Sine masih menganut kepercayaan tradisional Afrika (seperti agama Serer). Pada tanggal 18 Juli 1867, marabout Muslim Maba Diakhou Bâ gugur dalam Pertempuran Fandane-Thiouthioune dan pasukannya dikalahkan oleh Maad a Sinig Coumba Ndoffène Famak Diouf, setelah mereka berupaya untuk mengambilalih Kerajaan Sine dan menjadikannya wilayah Muslim.[10] Raja-raja Sine masih mempertahankan gelarnya pada masa kolonial dan gelar tersebut masih dipegang hingga tahun 1969 setelah kematian Maad a Sinig Mahecor Diouf (raja terakhir Sine, berkuasa 1924-1969).[11]

Catatan kaki

  1. ^ Klein, Martin A, Islam and Imperialism in Senegal, Sine-Saloum, 1847–1914, Edinburgh University Press (1968). hlm. 7
  2. ^ Oliver, Roland; Fage, John Donnelly; Sanderson, G. N. The Cambridge History of Africa. Cambridge University Press, 1985. ISBN 0521228034. hlm. 214
  3. ^ Faal, Dawda. Peoples and empires of Senegambia: Senegambia in history, AD 1000-1900. Saul's Modern Printshop (1991). hlm. 17
  4. ^ Alioune Sarr, Histoire du Sine-Saloum (Sénégal). Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker. Version légèrement remaniée par rapport à celle qui est parue en 1986-87. hlm. 19-22
  5. ^ a b Ngom, Biram (Babacar Sédikh Diouf): La question Gelwaar et l’histoire du Siin, Université de Dakar, Dakar, 1987, hlm. 69
  6. ^ Dennis Charles Galvan, The State Must Be Our Master of Fire: How Peasants Craft Culturally Sustainable Development in Senegal. Berkeley, University of California Press, 2004
  7. ^ Dioup, Cheikh Anta & Modum, Egbuna P. "Towards the African renaissance: essays in African culture & development", 1946-1960, p28
  8. ^ Research in African literatures, Volume 37. University of Texas at Austin. African and Afro-American Studies and Research Center, University of Texas at Austin. African and Afro-American Studies and Research Center, University of Texas (at Austin) (2006). hlm. 8
  9. ^ West Africa, Issues 3600-3616. West Africa Pub. Co. Ltd., 1986. hlm. 2359
  10. ^ Diouf, Niokhobaye. "Chronique du royaume du Sine." Suivie de notes sur les traditions orales et les sources écrites concernant le royaume du Sine par Charles Becker et Victor Martin. (1972). Bulletin de l'Ifan, Tome 34, Série B, n° 4, (1972). hlm. 727-729
  11. ^ Klein, Martin A. Islam and Imperialism in Senegal, Sine-Saloum, 1847–1914, Edinburgh University Press (1968). hlm. XV
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