Gwynedd (pr. [ˈɡwɪnɛð]) adalah salah satu dari negara di Wales yang muncul pada abad ke-5. Kerajaan ini berdasarkan pada tanah suku Britonik di Ordovices, Gangani, dan Deceangli. Antara abad ke-5 hingga abad ke-13 Gwynedd berkembang meliputi Ynys Môn dan seluruh Wales utara antara Sungai Dyfi di selatan dan Sungai Dee (Wales Dyfrdwy) di timur laut.[1]
Referensi
- BBC Wales/History, The emergence of the principality of Wales Diarsipkan 2005-03-11 di Wayback Machine. extracted 26 March, 2008
- Bartlett, Robert (2000). England Under the Norman and Angevin Kings: 1075-1225. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-822741-8.
- Barlow, Frank (2000). William Rufus. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-30-008291-6.
- Davies, John (1994). A History of Wales. New York: Penguin. ISBN 0-14-014581-8.
- Davies, John (2002). The Celts. New York: Cassell Illustrated. ISBN 1-841-88188-0.
- Evans, Gwynfor (2004). Cymru O Hud. Abergwyngregyn: Y Lolfa. ISBN 0862435455.
- Morris, John E. (1996). The Welsh Wars of Edward I. Conshohocken, PA.: Combined Books. ISBN 0-938289-67-5.
- Lloyd, J.E (2004). A History of Wales; From the Norman Invasion to the Edwardian Conquest. New York: Barnes & Noble Publishing, Inc. ISBN 0-7607-5241-9.
- Stephenson, David (1984). The governance of Gwynedd. University of Wales Press. ISBN 0-7083-0850-3.
- Warner, Philip (1997). Famous Welsh Battles. New York: Barnes & Noble Publishing, Inc. ISBN 0-7-607-0466-x.
Referensi
- ^ Davies, John, A History of Wales, Penguin, 1994, foundations of pgs 50-51, 54-55
