Keracunan zat besi

Keracunan zat besi
Iron supplement from the late 19th and early 20th century
Informasi umum
Nama lainIron toxicity
SpesialisasiEmergency medicine
Penyebab>20 mg/kg elemental iron (>60 mg/kg severe)[1]
Aspek klinis
Gejala dan tandaInitial: Vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, drowsiness[2] Later: Liver problems, fever, bleeding, metabolic acidosis[2]
Awal munculWithin 6 hrs[3]
DiagnosisBased on symptoms, history of events, blood iron levels[2][4]
PerawatanWhole bowel irrigation, deferoxamine, hemodialysis[2][4]
PrevalensiRelatively common[2]

Keracunan zat besi merupakan kondisi yang diakibatkan kelebihan suplemen zat besi kemudian menyebabkan toksisitas akut . Gejala yang muncul keracunan zat besi dalam kurung waktu 6 jam pertama seperti: mengantuk, muntah, sakit perut, dan diare . [2] Untuk kondisi yang parah bisa menimbulkan takipnea, tekanan darah rendah, sawan, atau koma . [2] Hal yang sering terjadi kondisi membaik walau sebentar, kemudian muncul gejala asidosis metabolik , demam, pendarahan, dan kemudian muncul masalah di organ hati bisa terjadi. [2] Pada kondisi inilah potensi orang keracunan zat besi bisa meninggal dunia dan jika sembuh, kondisi seperti sirosis hati bisa terjadi. [2]

Suplemen zat besi bisa didapatkan tanpa resep dalam bentuk garam besi tunggal atau sediaan dalam kombinasi dengan suplemen vitamin seperti vitamin prenatal . [4] Kejadian seperti overdosis bisa terjadi tanpa disengaja, terutama pada anak kecil, atau juga disengaja, seperti upaya bunuh diri pada orang yang lebih dewasa. [4] Diagnosisnya berdasarkan pada gejala, riwayat kejadian, dan kadar zat besi dalam darah . [2] [4] Terkadang pemeriksaan menggunakan sinar-X bisa digunakan untuk melihat pil-pil di usus. [2]

Tindakan awal untuk terapi pada kondisi tersebut mungkin melakukan metode irigasi seluruh usus . [2] Untuk yang mengalami gejala parah atau jumlah kadar zat besinya tinggi, diperlukan pengobatan menggunakan sediaan obat dengan kandungan deferoxamine yang bisa diberikan di rumah sakit. [2] Tindakan sepertihemodialisis atau pembedahan mungkin bisa menjadi pilihan lainnya. [4] Jika tidak ada gejala yang muncul dalam kurung waktu kurang dari 6 jam setelah pemberian, biasanya tidak diperlukan pengobatan secara khusus. [3]

Keracunan zat besi cukup umum terjadi. [2] Sebagai tanggapan, kejadian keracunan zat beri di tahun 1997 Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan AS (FDA) mulai menerapkan peraturan yang dimana produk suplemen zat besi diwajibkan memasang label peringatan untuk kemasan zat besi dengan dosis satuan yang mengandung lebih dari 30 mg unsur besi per dosis. [5]

Referensi

  1. ^ "Iron Poisoning - Injuries; Poisoning". Merck Manuals Professional Edition. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 28 November 2023. Diakses tanggal 27 November 2023. 
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Iron Poisoning - Injuries and Poisoning". Merck Manuals Consumer Version. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 23 November 2023. Diakses tanggal 27 November 2023. 
  3. ^ a b Manoguerra, Anthony S.; Erdman, Andrew R.; Booze, Lisa L.; Christianson, Gwenn; Wax, Paul M.; Scharman, Elizabeth J.; Woolf, Alan D.; Chyka, Peter A.; Keyes, Daniel C.; Olson, Kent R.; Caravati, E. Martin (2005-01-01). "Iron Ingestion: an Evidence-Based Consensus Guideline for Out-of-Hospital Management". Clinical Toxicology. 43 (6): 553–570. doi:10.1081/CLT-200068842 alt=Dapat diakses gratis. ISSN 1556-3650. PMID 16255338. 
  4. ^ a b c d e f Yuen, Ho-Wang; Becker, Wenxia (2020), "Iron Toxicity", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 29083637, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2022-05-17, diakses tanggal 2020-12-30 
  5. ^ Tenenbein, Milton (1 June 2005). "Unit-Dose Packaging of Iron Supplements and Reduction of Iron Poisoning in Young Children". Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 159 (6): 557–560. doi:10.1001/archpedi.159.6.557. ISSN 1072-4710. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 8 February 2012. Diakses tanggal 28 November 2023. 

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