Kelahiran

Ibu domba menjilat anaknya terlebih dahulu ketika melahirkan anak kedua

Kelahiran atau persalinan adalah tindakan atau proses melahirkan atau menghasilkan keturunan,[1] juga disebut dalam konteks teknis sebagai parturisi. Pada mamalia, proses ini diprakarsai oleh hormon yang menyebabkan dinding otot rahim berkontraksi, mengeluarkan janin pada tahap perkembangan ketika siap untuk makan dan bernapas.

Pada beberapa spesies, anaknya bersifat precocial dan dapat bergerak segera setelah lahir, tetapi pada spesies lain, anaknya bersifat altricial dan sepenuhnya bergantung pada pengasuhan.

Pada marsupial, janin dilahirkan pada tahap yang sangat belum matang setelah masa kehamilan yang singkat dan berkembang lebih lanjut di dalam kantong rahim induknya.

Bukan hanya mamalia yang melahirkan. Beberapa reptil, amfibi, ikan, dan invertebrata membawa anaknya yang sedang berkembang di dalam tubuh mereka. Beberapa di antaranya bersifat ovovivipar[1], dengan telur yang ditetaskan di dalam tubuh induknya, dan yang lainnya bersifat vivipar, dengan embrio yang berkembang di dalam tubuh induknya, seperti pada kasus mamalia.

Lihat pula

Referensi

  1. ^ a b "birth" OED Online. June 2013. Oxford University Press. Entry 19395 (diakses 30 Agustus 2013).

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