Kebakaran Besar Smyrna

Kebakaran Besar Smyrna atau Malapetaka Smyrna[1][2] (bahasa Yunani: Καταστροφή της Σμύρνης, "Malapetaka Smyrna"; bahasa Turki: 1922 İzmir Yangını, "Kebakaran Izmir 1922"; bahasa Armenia: Զմյուռնիոյ Մեծ Հրդեհ) adalah kebakaran yang menghancurkan sebagian besar kota pelabuhan Smyrna (Izmir modern) pada September 1922. Saksi mata melaporkan bahwa kebakaran bermula pada 13 September 1922[3] dan berlangsung hingga sebagian besar apinya dapat dipadamkan pada 22 September. Peristiwa ini terjadi empat hari setelah pasukan Turki merebut kembali kota tersebut pada 9 September 1922, secara efektif mengakhiri Perang Yunani-Turki di medan laga, lebih dari tiga tahun sejak pasukan Yunani berlabuh di Smyrna pada 15 Mei 1919. Perkiraan korban jiwa orang Yunani dan Armenia yang disebabkan oleh kebakaran ini berkisar antara 10,000[4][5] hingga 100,000.[6][7]

Catatan kaki

  1. ^ Stewart, Matthew. "Catastrophe at Smyrna." History Today, Volume: 54 Issue 7.
  2. ^ Tsounis, Catherine (2010-09-08). "Remembering Smyrna: The Asia Minor Catastrophe". Queens Gazatte. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-07-15. Diakses tanggal 2011-05-13. 
  3. ^ Horton, George. The Blight of Asia. Indianapolis: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1926; repr. London: Sterndale Classics and Taderon Press, 2003, p. 96.
  4. ^ Biondich, Mark. The Balkans: Revolution, War, and Political Violence Since 1878. Oxford University Press, 2011. p. 92 [1]
  5. ^ Naimark, Norman M. Fires of Hatred: Ethnic Cleansing in Twentieth-Century Europe. Cambridge: MA: Harvard University Press, 2002, p. 52.
  6. ^ Rudolph J. Rummel, Irving Louis Horowitz (1994). "Turkey's Genocidal Purges". Death by Government. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-1-56000-927-6. , p. 233.
  7. ^ Naimark. Fires of Hatred, pp. 47-52.

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