Kayu balsa


Kayu balsa adalah kayu dari pohon balsa,[1] tumbuhan asli dari Amerika Selatan, Ochroma pyramidale.[2] Saat ini produsen terbesar kayu balsa berasal dari Equador, Papua Nugini, dan Indonesia. Di pasar, kayu balsa dibagi atas tiga jenis berdasarkan kepadatannya, yaitu Light < 120 kg/m3, Medium 120–180 kg/m3, dan Heavy >180 kg/m3. Balsa light biasanya digunakan untuk hobby dan aeromodelling, medium untuk kebutuhan komposit industri, sementara heavy sebagai subtitusi kayu keras dengan harga yang lebih murah dan penggunaan lebih luas.

Kayu balsa untuk aeromodelling dipilih karena beratnya yang ringan, walaupun ada bagian-bagian tertentu dari pesawat balsa yang butuh struktur lebih kuat. Selain aeromodelling, kayu balsa juga banyak digunakan untuk membuat boat Radio Control dengan cara dilapisi resin atau coating sehingga tahan air dan lebih kuat. Saat ini para pengrajin banyak yang melirik lembaran kayu balsa karena sifatnya yang lentur dan mudah dikerjakan. Produknya berfariasi untuk box, gantungan kunci,undangan, ukiran, dsb.

Kayu balsa untuk industri komposit sudah sangat berkembang di luar negeri. Balsa core [3],mampu bersaing dengan material core lain, yaitu foam dan honeycomb. Sifatnya yang alami dan ramah lingkungan menjadi daya tarik yang tidak bisa ditandingi oleh material core lainnya. Selain itu juga lebih ekonomis. Sayang teknologi balsa core dalam sandwich composite belum banyak dikenal dan digunakan di Indonesia.

Di Indonesia balsa wood bisa dipanen pada umur 4 tahun dengan diameter 30 cm. Petani Jawa Timur sudah banyak yang membudidayakan dari program kemitraan dengan perusahaan kayu maupun program reboisasi. Namum minat petani menanam balsa masih kalah dengan menanam sengon yang dipanen pada umur 6-7 tahun dengan diameter 30 cm. Indonesia masih belum mengenal balsa wood dari segi tanaman, teknologi, maupun aplikasi nya. Bahkan di dalam perundang-undangan kayu ini disamakan dengan Eucalyptus, bukan disamakan dengan sengon.

Dalam hal perpajakan ekspor balsa wood juga diklaim bukan termasuk plantation sehingga pajaknya disamakan dengan produk kayu dari hutan alam, berbeda dengan sengon.

Referensi

  1. ^ Balsa wood, dari manakah kayu balsa ini berasal?. Diakses dari situs Sibalsa.com pada 12 Janiari 2014
  2. ^ What is Balsa Wood?. Diakses dari situs Wisegeek pada 12 Januari 2014
  3. ^ Balsa Core untuk Sandwich Composite. Diakses dari situs Sibalsa.com pada 17 Januari 2014

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