Katup aorta

Katup aorta
Tampak depan katup aorta
Katup aorta
Rincian
Pengidentifikasi
Bahasa Latin	Valva aortae
MeSH	D001021
TA98	A12.1.04.012
TA2	3993
FMA	7236
*Daftar istilah anatomi* [sunting di Wikidata]

Katup aorta katup yang terdapat pada jantung manusia yang terletak antara ventrikel kiri dan aorta. Katup aorta merupakan satu dari empat katup jantung dan salah satu dari dua katup semilunar (yang satu lagi adalah katup pulmonal). Katup aorta normalnya memiliki tiga daun, meskipun pada 1-2% populasi ada yang memiliki hanya dua daun (kelainan ini disebut dengan katup aorta bikuspidalis).^[1] Katup aorta merupakan struktur terakhir yang dilewati darah sebelum kembali ke dalam sirkulasi sistemik.

Struktur

Katup aorta yang normal memiliki tiga daun yang disebut sebagai daun koronaria kiri, koronaria kanan, dan nonkoronaria.^[2] Beberapa sumber menamai tiga daun ini sebagai daun kiri, kanan, dan belakang.^[3]^[4] Para ahli anatomi menamai ketiga daun ini sebagai daun kiri belakang (berasal dari koronaria kiri), depan (berasal dari koronaria kanan), dan kanan belakang.^[2]

Saat ketiga daun ini tertutup, akan membentuk sinus yang disebut sinus aorta atau sinus Valsalva. Kedalaman sinus-sinus ini dalam potongan melintang lebih lebar dibandingkan bidang aliran ventrikel kiri dan lebih lebar dari aorta asendens. Pertemuan sinus-sinus dengan aorta disebut sambungan sinotubular. Katup aorta berada di belakang katup pulmonal dan komisura tempat dua daun katup bagian anterior bertemu. Dua sinus inilah yang merupakan asal arteri koronaria.^[5]

Istilah semilunar merujuk kepada bentuk separuh bulan yang ditunjukkan oleh daun katup.^[6]

Embriologi

Katup aorta berkembang dari bantalan endokardium pada minggu kelima perkembangan embrionik. Bentuk awal katup ini adalah berupa penonjolan dari bantalan endokardium. Katup ini kemudian mengalami pertambahan bentuk akibat adanya aliran ejeksi ventrikel. Sel endotel dan sel otot polos pembuluh darah akan membentuk dasar aorta dan katup aorta. Hal ini merupakan hasil kolaborasi embrionik antara mesoderm dan puncak saraf yang berasal dari bidang jantung yang kedua.^[5]

Referensi

^ Bayne, Edward J (8 January 2016). "Bicuspid Aortic Valve: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology". Medscape. Diakses tanggal 2 April 2018.
^ ^a ^b Ho, SY (January 2009). "Structure and anatomy of the aortic root". European Journal of Echocardiography. 10 (1): i3–10. doi:10.1093/ejechocard/jen243 . PMID 19131496.
^ Foto anatomi:20:29-0104 di SUNY Downstate Medical Center – "Heart: The Aortic Valve and Aortic Sinuses"
^ Last's anatomy, regional and applied (edisi ke-9th.). Churchill Livingstone. 1994. hlm. 268. ISBN 044304662X.
^ ^a ^b Crawford, Phillip T.; Bordoni, Bruno (2022). Anatomy, Thorax, Aortic Valve. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. PMID 32662953.
^ "Anatomy of the Heart: Valves". 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-03-24.

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