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Kata kerabat palsu

Kata kerabat palsu (Inggris: false cognate) adalah sepasang kata yang terlihat berkerabat karena bunyi dan maknanya serupa, tetapi memiliki etimologi atau akar kata yang berbeda; kata-kata tersebut dapat berada dalam bahasa yang sama maupun berbeda, bahkan dalam rumpun bahasa yang sama. [1] Misalnya, kata bahasa Inggris dog dan kata bahasa Mbabaram dog memiliki arti yang sama persis dan pelafalan yang sangat mirip, tetapi kemiripan tersebut hanyalah kebetulan saja. Begitu juga dengan kata bahasa Inggris much dan bahasa Spanyol mucho yang memiliki arti sama tetapi berasal dari akar Proto-Indo-Eropa yang berbeda. Kata kerabat palsu berbeda dengan teman palsu, yaitu sepasang kata yang terdengar mirip tetapi memiliki makna yang berbeda, tetapi bisa jadi terkait secara etimologis.

Meskipun kata kerabat palsu berasal dari akar yang berbeda, ada kemungkinan sepasang kata kerabat palsu memiliki hubungan tidak langsung, misalnya dari penerjemahan fono-semantik atau etimologi rakyat.

Fenomena

Istilah "false cognate" terkadang disalahartikan sebagai teman palsu, tetapi kedua fenomena tersebut adalah fenomena yang berbeda. [1] [2] Teman palsu adalah ketika sepasang kata dalam bahasa atau dialek yang berbeda terlihat serupa, tetapi memiliki arti yang berbeda. Meskipun teman palsu bisa jadi termasuk kata kerabat palsu, banyak juga teman palsu yang merupakan kata kerabat asli. [2] Contohnya kata bahasa Inggris pretend dan bahasa Prancis prétendre. Kedua kata tersebut adalah teman palsu, tetapi bukan kata kerabat palsu, karena kedua kata tersebut berasal dari akar kata yang sama.[3]

Referensi

  1. ^ a b Moss (1992), hlm. ?.
  2. ^ a b Chamizo-Domínguez (2008), hlm. 166.
  3. ^ Harper, Douglas. "Pretend". The Online Etymological Dictionary. Diakses tanggal 2015-09-14. 

Bacaan lebih lanjut

  • Rubén Morán (2011), 'Cognate Linguistics', Kindle Edition, Amazon.
  • Geoff Parkes and Alan Cornell (1992), 'NTC's Dictionary of German False Cognates', National Textbook Company, NTC Publishing Group.
  • Chamizo-Domínguez, Pedro J. (2008), Semantics and Pragmatics of False Friends, New York/Oxon: Routledge 
  • Jakobson, Roman (1962), "Why 'mama' and 'papa'?", Selected Writings, I: Phonological Studies, The Hague: Mouton, hlm. 538–545 
  • Moss, Gillian (1992), "Cognate recognition: Its importance in the teaching of ESP reading courses to Spanish speakers", English for Specific Purposes, 11 (2): 141–158, doi:10.1016/s0889-4906(05)80005-5 
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