Kamp konsentrasi Gross-Rosen

Gross-Rosen
Kamp konsentrasi Nazi
Gerbang masuk Gross-Rosen dengan kalimat Arbeit Macht Frei
Nama lainnyabahasa Jerman: Konzentrationslager Groß-Rosen
Komandan
BeroperasiMusim Panas 1940 – 14 Februari 1945
TahananKebanyakan Orang Yahudi, Polandia dan Soviet[1]
Jumlah tahanan125.000 (di sekitar 100 subkamp)
Jumlah tahanan tewas40.000
Tahanan terkenalBoris Braun, Adam Dulęba, Franciszek Duszeńko, Heda Margolius Kovály, Władysław Ślebodziński, Simon Wiesenthal, Rabbi Shlomo Zev Zweigenhaft[2]

Gross-Rosen adalah jaringan kamp konsentrasi Nazi yang dibangun dan dioperasikan oleh Nazi Jerman selama Perang Dunia II. Kamp utama terletak di desa Gross-Rosen di Jerman, yang sekarang menjadi Rogoźnica modern di Provinsi Silesia Bawah, Polandia,[1] tepat di jalur kereta api antara kota Jawor (Jauer) dan Strzegom (Striegau).[3][4] Tawanannya sebagian besar adalah warga Yahudi, Polandia, dan Soviet.

Pada puncak aktivitasnya pada tahun 1944, kompleks Gross-Rosen memiliki hingga 100 subkamp yang terletak di Jerman bagian timur dan di Cekoslowakia dan Polandia yang diduduki Jerman. Populasi semua kamp Gross-Rosen pada saat itu berjumlah 11% dari total jumlah tahanan yang dipenjara di sistem kamp konsentrasi Nazi.[1]

KZ Gross-Rosen didirikan pada musim panas 1940 sebagai kamp cabang kamp konsentrasi Sachsenhausen dari Oranienburg. Awalnya, kerja paksa dilakukan di sebuah tambang batu besar milik SS-Deutsche Erd- und Steinwerke GmbH (SS German Earth and Stone Works).[4] Lokasi Gross-Rosen yang dekat dengan wilayah pendudukan Polandia memberikan keuntungan besar.[5] Para tahanan dipekerjakan dalam pembangunan sistem subkamp bagi mereka yang diusir dari wilayah yang dianeksasi. Gross Rosen menjadi kamp independen pada tanggal 1 Mei 1941. Seiring berkembangnya kompleks tersebut, sebagian besar narapidana dipekerjakan di perusahaan Nazi baru yang tergabung dalam subkamp ini.[4]

Referensi

  1. ^ a b c "Historia KL Gross-Rosen". Gross-Rosen Museum. 2014. Diakses tanggal 19 February 2014. 
  2. ^ Konieczny, Alfred. Arbeitslager Bunzlau I - podoboz KL Gross Rosen (edisi ke-2004). Muzeum Gross-Rosen. hlm. 69, 75. ISBN 83-919919-8-9. 
  3. ^ The Gross-Rosen Museum in Rogoźnica. Homepage.
  4. ^ a b c Alfred Konieczny (pl), Encyclopaedia of the Holocaust. NY: Macmillan 1990, vol. 2, pp. 623–626.
  5. ^ Dr Tomasz Andrzejewski, Dyrektor Muzeum Miejskiego w Nowej Soli (8 January 2010), "Organizacja Schmelt" Diarsipkan 2014-10-21 di Wayback Machine. Marsz śmierci z Neusalz. Skradziona pamięć! Tygodnik Krąg. (dalam bahasa Polandia)

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