Kaledonia

Kaledonia (bahasa Latin: Calēdonia [kaleːˈdonia]) adalah nama dalam bahasa Latin yang digunakan oleh Kekaisaran Romawi untuk menyebut bagian Skotlandia yang terletak di sebelah utara Sungai Forth, yang meliputi sebagian besar luas daratan Skotlandia.^[1] Kini, ini digunakan sebagai nama romantis atau puitis untuk seluruh Skotlandia.^[2] Selama pendudukan Skotlandia oleh Kekaisaran Romawi, wilayah yang mereka sebut Kaledonia terpisah secara fisik dari bagian lain pulau oleh Tembok Antoninus. Orang Romawi beberapa kali menginvasi dan menaklukannya, tetapi tidak seperti bagian lain pulau, ini masih berada di luar pemerintahan Britania Raya Romawi.

Sejarawan Latin, salah satunya Tacitus dan Cassius Dio, menyebut wilayah di sebelah utara Sungai Forth sebagai "Kaledonia", dan mendeskripsikannya dihuni oleh orang Maeatae dan orang Kaledonia (bahasa Latin: Caledonii). Namun, penulis kuno lainnya, menggunakan adjektiva "Kaledonia" lebih umum untuk mendeskripsikan semua yang terkait kepada Britania Raya pedalaman atau utara.^[1] Nama ini kemungkinan berasal dari sebuah kata dalam bahasa Britonik Umum.

Pranala luar

Anglia Scotia et Hibernia – 1628 map of the region by Mercator and Hondius
"Caledonia". Encyclopaedia Britannica. IV (edisi ke-9th). 1875–1889. hlm. 662–664.
Clans of Caledonia – Strategy board game based in historic Scotland

^ ^a ^b Richmond, Ian Archibald; Millett, Martin J. Millett (2012), "Caledonia", dalam Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony; Eidinow, Esther, The Oxford Classical Dictionary (dalam bahasa Inggris), Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780199545568.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-954556-8, diakses tanggal 2021-02-14
^ Knowles, Elizabeth (2006), "Caledonia", The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (dalam bahasa Inggris), Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780198609810.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-860981-0, diakses tanggal 2021-02-15

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