Jules Mazarin

Yang Utama Kardinal Mazarin
Potret Jules Mazarin oleh Pierre Mignard (1658)

Menteri Pertama Negara
Masa jabatan 4 Desember 1642 – 9 Maret 1661
Penguasa monarki	Louis XIII Ratu Ana (wali penguasa) Louis XIV
Pendahulu Adipati Richelieu Pengganti Jean-Baptiste Colbert

Informasi pribadi
Lahir	Giulio Raimondo Mazzarino 14 Juli 1602 Pescina, Abruzzo Ultra, Kerajaan Napoli
Meninggal	9 Maret 1661 (usia 58) Vincennes, Île-de-France, Prancis
Almamater	Collegio Romano
Profesi	Rohaniwan, negarawan

Kardinal, Uskup Metz
Metropolis	Subyek tunduk pada Tahta Suci
Keuskupan	Metz
Takhta	Metz
Pendahulu	Henri de Bourbon
Penerus	Franz Egon dari Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg
Imamat
Pelantikan kardinal	16 December 1641 oleh Paus Urbanus VIII
Informasi pribadi
Denominasi	Katolik Roma
Semboyan	Firmando firmior hæret Hinc ordo, hinc copia rerum
Tanda tangan



Sunting kotak info • L • B

Gelar bangsawan untuk Jules Raymond Mazarin

Gaya referensi	Yang Utama
Gaya penyebutan	Yang Utama
Informal style	Kardinal

Jules Raymond Mazarin (Giulio Raimondo Mazzarino, Mazarino, Mazarini atau Mazzarini^[1]), lahir di Pescina, Abruzzo, Kerajaan Napoli, pada tanggal 14 Juli 1602 dan meninggal di Vincennes pada tanggal 9 Maret 1661, lebih dikenal sebagai Kardinal Mazarin, merupakan seorang diplomat dan politisi, yang awalnya melayani kepausan, kemudian raja-raja Prancis Louis XIII dan Louis XIV. Ia menggantikan Richelieu sebagai Kepala Menteri Prancis dari tahun 1643 hingga 1661.

Catatan dan kutipan

^ Nama keluarganya secara bertahap ditulis sebagai Mazarin, namun tanda tangannya masih sebagai Mazarini, gaya orang Italia, di akhir hidupnya di bagian bawah Perjanjian Pirenia.

Buku dikutip dalam teks

Buelow, George J. (2004). A history of baroque music. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-34365-9.
Dethan, Georges (1977). The Young Mazarin. Diterjemahkan oleh Baron, Stanley. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 9780500870044.
Dethan, Georges (1991). "Mazarin, Jules, Cardinal". The New Encyclopædia Britannica (dalam bahasa Inggris). 7 (edisi ke-15th). Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. hlm. 979–980. ISBN 0-85229-529-4.
Goubert, Pierre (1990). Mazarin (dalam bahasa Prancis). Paris: Fayard. ISBN 2-213-01650-X.
Mongrédien, Georges (1959). Mazarin (dalam bahasa Prancis). Paris: Hachette.
O'Connor, John T. (1978). Negotiator Out of Season: Career of Wilhelm Egon Von Furstenberg, 1629–1704. Athens, GA: U of Georgia Press. ISBN 978-0-8203-0436-6.
Poncet, Olivier (2018). Mazarin l'Italien (dalam bahasa Prancis). Paris: Tallandier. ISBN 979-10-210-3105-0.
Treasure, Geoffrey (1995). Mazarin: The Crisis of Absolutism in France. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-014573.

Bacaan selanjutnya

Bonney, R. "The Paradox of Mazarin." History Today 32. (Feb 1982): 18-24.
Bonney, Richard. "Cardinal Mazarin and the great nobility during the Fronde." English Historical Review 96.381 (1981): 818-833.
Bonney, Richard. Society And Government In France Under Richelieu And Mazarin 1624–61 (Springer, 1988).
Ekberg, Carl J. "Abel Servien, Cardinal Mazarin, and the Formulation of French Foreign Policy, 1653–1659." International History Review 3.3 (1981): 317-329.
Haffemayer, Stéphane. "Mazarin, Information and Communication During the Fronde (1648–1653)." Media History 22.3-4 (2016): 386-400.
Hassall, Arthur. Mazarin (1903)
Perkins, James Breck (1886). France Under Mazarin (2 volumes). New York: Putnam. Vols. 1 & 2 at Internet Archive.
Sonnino, Paul. Mazarin's Quest: The Congress of Westphalia and the Coming of the Fronde (Harvard UP, 2008O. 307 pp
Wilkinson, Richard. "Cardinal Mazarin" History Today (April 1996) 46#4 pp 39–45.

Pengawasan otoritas
Umum	Integrated Authority File (Jerman) ISNI 1 VIAF 1 WorldCat (via VIAF)
Perpustakaan nasional	Chili Spanyol Prancis (data) Catalunya The ICCU id CFIV109871 is not valid. Amerika Serikat Republik Ceko Australia Yunani Israel Korea Belanda Polandia Swedia Vatikan
Galeri seni dan museum	Te Papa (Selandia Baru)
Lembaga penelitian seni	RKD Artists (Belanda) Artist Names (Getty)
Kamus biografi	Belanda
Basis data ilmiah	CiNii (Jepang)
Lain-lain	Faceted Application of Subject Terminology RISM (Prancis) The RISM id people/50050440 is not valid. RERO (Swiss) 1 Social Networks and Archival Context SUDOC (Prancis) 1 Trove (Australia) 1

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