Judenrat

Judenrat
Judenrat di kota Szydłowiec yang mayoritas dihuni oleh orang Yahudi sebelum peristiwa Holocaust
Tanggal pendirian	1939
Tujuan	Badan pemerintahan
Badan utama	Schutzstaffel (SS)

Judenrat (jamak: Judenräte; dalam bahasa Jerman berarti "dewan Yahudi") adalah badan pemerintahan yang dibentuk oleh Jerman Nazi selama Perang Dunia II di ghetto Yahudi di wilayah pendudukan Nazi.

Pemerintahan Jerman Nazi pada masa itu membutuhkan Judenrat di setiap komunitas Yahudi.^[1] Judenrat berfungsi sebagai perantara yang dimanfaatkan oleh Nazi untuk mengendalikan komunitas Yahudi yang besar di wilayah pendudukan. Orang Jerman juga menggunakan nama Dewan Tetua Yahudi (Jüdischen Ältestenrat atau Ältestenrat der Juden) di beberapa ghetto, seperti Ghetto Łódź dan Theresienstadt atau di kamp konsentrasi Bergen-Belsen.^[2]^[3] Walaupun sejarah istilah Judenrat sendiri masih belum jelas, komunitas Yahudi sudah mendirikan dewan pemerintahan sendiri semenjak abad pertengahan. Istilah yang digunakan oleh komunitas Yahudi adalah Kahal (קהל) atau Kehillah (קהילה), tetapi pemerintah Jerman cenderung menggunakan istilah Judenräte.

Catatan kaki

^ Trunk, Isaiah Judenrat: the Jewish Councils in Eastern Europe under Nazi Occupation with an introduction by Jacob Robinson. New York: Macmillan, 1972. ISBN 080329428X.
^ "The Ghettos Theresienstadt". Yad Vashem The Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-12-25. Diakses tanggal 12 December 2011.
^ Hans-Dieter Arntz. "Jupp Weiss aus Flamersheim, der Judenälteste von Bergen-Belsen". Arbeitskreis Shoa.de e.V., Berlin, Deutschland (dalam bahasa Jerman). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-12-25. Diakses tanggal 12 December 2011.

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