Jizi

Infobox orangJizi
Biografi
Kelahiran12 abad SM Edit nilai pada Wikidata
Kematian11 abad SM Edit nilai pada Wikidata
Gojoseon Edit nilai pada Wikidata
Penguasa monarki Gojoseon
Edit nilai pada Wikidata
Data pribadi
AgamaShamanisme Korea Edit nilai pada Wikidata
Kegiatan
Pekerjaanpenguasa, sage (en) Terjemahkan Edit nilai pada Wikidata
Keluarga
AnakJanghye of Gojoseon (en) Terjemahkan Edit nilai pada Wikidata
AyahWen Ding Edit nilai pada Wikidata
SaudaraDi Yi dan Bigan Edit nilai pada Wikidata
Ji Zi
Jizi
Nama Tionghoa
Hanzi tradisional: 箕子
Hanzi sederhana: 箕子
Nama Korea
Hangul: 기자
Hanja: 箕子

Jizi atau Qizi (Hanzi: ; Wade–Giles: Chi-tzu, Gija atau Kija di dalam Bahasa Korea)[1] merupakan semi legendaris Tiongkok yang bijak yang konon memerintah Gojoseon pada abad ke-11 SM. Di dalam dokumen Tiongkok awal seperti Shu Jing dan Sejarah Bambu menggambarkannya sebagai seorang tokoh yang berbudi luhur kerabat raja terakhir Dinasti Shang yang dihukum karena memprotes dengan raja. Setelah Shang dipecat oleh Zhou pada sekitar tahun 1040 SM, ia diduga memberi saran politik untuk Raja Wu, raja Zhou yang pertama. Teks-teks yang berasal dari Dinasti Han (206 SM – 220 M) seterusnya menyatakan bahwa Raja Wu menawarkan Jizi sebagai penguasa Chaoxian (朝鮮, dibaca "Joseon" di dalam Bahasa Korea). Menurut Buku Han (abad ke-1 M), Jizi membawa Pertanian, Serikultur, dan banyak aspek lainnya dari peradaban Tiongkok ke Joseon. Gija adalah orang Tionghoa.

Gija (ejaan Korea "Jizi") diduga telah menjadi objek dari sebuah kultus negara di Goguryeo pada abad ke-6, dan sebuah mausoleum untuknya didirikan di Goryeo pada tahun 1102, namun teks pertama dari teks Korea yang masih ada menyebutkan Gija di Samguk Sagi (1145). Dimulai pada akhir abad ke-13, Gija sepenuhnya terintegrasi ke dalam sejarah Korea yang digambarkan sebagai penerus keturunan Dangun di negara bagian Gojoseon. Setelah penyebaran Neo-Konfusianisme di Korea pada abad ke-14, para sarjana dari Dinasti Joseon (skt. 1392) mengangkat Gija sebagai pahlawan budaya yang telah mengangkat peradaban Korea ke tingkat yang sama seperti Tiongkok dan Gija menjadi bagian integral dari identitas budaya Korea.

Setelah kebangkitan Nasionalisme Korea pada akhir abad ke-19 dan awal abad ke-20, intelektual Korea kehilangan kebanggaan mereka yang berhubungan dengan Gija dan mulai meragukan catatan tradisional sebagai penguasa Gojoseon. Shin Chaeho (1880–1936) mempertanyakan sejauh mana sumbangan kebudayaan Gija, sebagian karena Gija, orang Tionghoa, tidak cocok dengan pandangan Shin tentang sejarah Korea karena sejarah minjok Korea, atau "ras-bangsa." Sarjana pasca perang Korea Utara dan Korea Selatan juga mengkritik kisah migrasi Gija ke Korea pada abad ke-11 SM.

Nama marganya adalah Zi/Ja (子) dan nama pemberiannya adalah Xuyu/Suyu (胥餘/서여 xūyú/seoyeo, atau 須臾/수유 xūyú/suyu).

Catatan

  1. ^ The character "zi" in "Jizi" does not mean a rank of nobility. It was Shang dynasty tradition that royal family members were called by the combination of the place at which they were enfeoffed and the suffix "zi." (Chen 2003, pp. 92–93.)

Rujukan

  • Chen, Puqing 陈蒲清 (2003), "Lun Jizi de 'zi' bu shi juewei 论箕子的"子"不是爵位 [The character 'zi' in Jizi is not a nobility title]", Hunan shifan daxue shehui kexue xuebao 湖南师范大学社会科学学报 [Journal of Social Science of Hunan Normal University], 32 (2): 92–93 .
  • Ch'oe, Yŏng-ho; Lee, Peter H.; de Bary, William Theodore (2000), Sources of Korean Tradition, Volume II: From the Sixteenth to the Twentieth Century, New York: Columbia University Press, ISBN 0-231-10567-3 .
  • Imanishi Ryū 今西龍 (1970), Kishi Chōsen densetsu kō 箕子朝鮮伝説考 [On the legend of Gija Joseon (Jizi Chaoxian)], in Chōsen koshi no kenkyū 朝鮮古史の研究 [Research in ancient Korean history], pp. 131–173.
  • Kim, Sun Joo (2007), Marginality and subversion in Korea: the Hong Kyŏngnae rebellion of 1812, Seattle: University of Washington Press .
  • Kuwano Eiji 桑野栄治 (1959), "Richō shoki no shiten wo tōshite mita Dankun saishi" 李朝初期の祀典を通してみた檀君祭祀 [The worship of Dangun as seen through the state sacrifices of the early Joseon period], Chōsen Gakuhō 朝鮮学報 [Journal of the Academic Association of Koreanology in Japan], Vol. 14, pp. 57–101.
  • Sassa Mitsuaki 佐々充昭 (2000), "Dankun nashonarizumu no keisei" 檀君ナショナリズムの形成 [The Formation of Dangun nationalism]. Chōsen Gakuhō 朝鮮学報 [Journal of the Academic Association of Koreanology in Japan], Vol. 174: 61–107.
  • Pai, Hyung Il (2000), Constructing "Korean" Origins: A Critical Review of Archaeology, Historiography, and Racial Myth in Korean State-Formation Theories, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Asia Center, ISBN 0-674-00244-X  Hapus pranala luar di parameter |title= (bantuan).
  • Pak, Kwangnyong (1986), "Kija Chosŏn e taehan insik ŭi pyŏnch'ŏn: Koryŏ put'ŏ Hanmal kkaji ŭi sasŏ rŭl chungsim ŭro [Changes in the knowledge of Gija Joseon: focusing on historical books from Goryeo to the late Joseon period]", Han'guk saron 韓國史論, 6: 276–92 .
  • Schmid, Andre (1997), "Rediscovering Manchuria: Sin Ch'aeho and the Politics of Territorial History in Korea", Journal of Asian Studies, 56 (1): 26–46, doi:10.2307/2646342 .
  • Shim, Jae-hoon (2002), "A New Understanding of Kija Chosŏn as a Historical Anachronism", Journal of Asian Studies, 62 (2): 271–305, doi:10.2307/4126600 .
  • Sima Zhen 司馬貞. Shiji suoyin 史記索隱: 中山國 鮮虞, 鮮于氏 姬姓: Zhongshan Seon Woo clan are Kei Ji (surname) like Zhou Dynasty royal.
Jizi
Gelar kebangsawanan
Tidak diketahui
Pejabat terakhir yang diketahui:
Dangun
Raja Korea
Gojoseon
ca 1126 SM - 1082 SM
Tidak diketahui
Pejabat selanjutnya yang diketahui:
Jun

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