Isotop tulium

Isotop utama tulium
Iso­top Peluruhan
kelim­pahan waktu paruh (t1/2) mode pro­duk
167Tm sintetis 9,25 hri ε 167Er
168Tm sintetis 93,1 hri ε 168Er
169Tm 100% stabil
170Tm sintetis 128,6 hri β 170Yb
171Tm sintetis 1,92 thn β 171Yb
Berat atom standar Ar°(Tm)
  • 168,934219±0,000005
  • 168,93±0,01 (diringkas)[1]

Tulium (69Tm) yang terbentuk secara alami hanya terdiri dari satu isotop stabil, 169Tm; oleh karena itu, tulium adalah unsur monoisotop dan mononuklida. Tiga puluh empat radioisotop telah dikarakterisasi, dengan yang paling stabil adalah 171Tm dengan waktu paruh 1,92 tahun, 170Tm dengan waktu paruh 128,6 hari, 168Tm dengan waktu paruh 93,1 hari, dan 167Tm dengan waktu paruh, 9,25 hari. Semua isotop radioaktif yang tersisa memiliki waktu paruh kurang dari 64 jam, dan sebagian besar memiliki waktu paruh kurang dari 2 menit. Unsur ini juga memiliki 26 keadaan meta, dengan yang paling stabil adalah 164mTm (t1/2 5,1 menit), 160mTm (t1/2 74,5 detik) dan 155mTm (t1/2 45 detik).

Isotop tulium memiliki berat atom berkisar mulai dari 144,97007 u (145Tm) hingga 178,95534 u (179Tm). Mode peluruhan utama sebelum isotop stabil yang paling melimpah, 169Tm, adalah penangkapan elektron, dan mode utama sesudahnya adalah peluruhan beta. Produk peluruhan utama sebelum 169Tm adalah isotop erbium, dan produk utama sesudahnya adalah isotop iterbium. Semua isotop tulium bersifat radioaktif atau, dalam kasus 169Tm, stabil secara pengamatan, artinya 169Tm diprediksi bersifat radioaktif tetapi tidak ada peluruhan aktual yang teramati.

Daftar isotop

Nuklida
[n 1]
Z N Massa isotop (Da)
[n 2][n 3]
Waktu paruh
[n 4]
Mode
peluruhan

[n 5]
Isotop
anak

[n 6]
Spin dan
paritas
[n 7][n 4]
Kelimpahan alami (fraksi mol)
Energi eksitasi[n 4] Proporsi normal Rentang variasi
145Tm 69 76 144,97007(43)# 3,1(3) μdtk (11/2−)
146Tm 69 77 145,96643(43)# 240(30) mdtk p 145Er (6−)
β+ (langka) 146Er
146mTm 71(6) keV 72(23) mdtk p 145Er (10+)
β+ (langka) 146Er
147Tm 69 78 146,96096(32)# 0,58(3) dtk β+ (85%) 147Er 11/2−
p (15%) 146Er
147mTm 60(5) keV 360(40) μdtk 3/2+
148Tm 69 79 147,95784(43)# 0,7(2) dtk β+ 148Er (10+)
148mTm 0,7 dtk
149Tm 69 80 148,95272(32)# 0,9(2) dtk β+ (99,74%) 149Er (11/2−)
β+, p (0,26%) 148Ho
150Tm 69 81 149,94996(21)# 3# dtk β+ 150Er (1+)
150m1Tm 140(140)# keV 2,20(6) dtk β+ (98,8%) 150Er (6−)
β+, p (1,2%) 149Ho
150m2Tm 810(140)# keV 5,2(3) mdtk (10+)
151Tm 69 82 150,945483(22) 4,17(10) dtk β+ 151Er (11/2−)
151m1Tm 92(7) keV 6,6(14) dtk β+ 151Er (1/2+)
151m2Tm 2655,67(22) keV 451(24) ndtk (27/2−)
152Tm 69 83 151,94442(8) 8,0(10) dtk β+ 152Er (2#)−
152m1Tm 100(80)# keV 52(6) dtk β+ 152Er (9)+
152m2Tm 2555,05(19)+X keV 294(12) ndtk (17+)
153Tm 69 84 152,942012(20) 1,48(1) dtk α (91%) 149Ho (11/2−)
β+ (9%) 153Er
153mTm 43,2(2) keV 2,5(2) dtk α (92%) 149Ho (1/2+)
β+ (8%) 153Er
154Tm 69 85 153,941568(15) 8,1(3) dtk β+ (56%) 154Er (2−)
α (44%) 150Ho
154mTm 70(50) keV 3,30(7) dtk α (90%) 150Ho (9+)
β+ (10%) 154Er
155Tm 69 86 154,939199(14) 21,6(2) dtk β+ (98,1%) 155Er (11/2−)
α (1,9%) 151Ho
155mTm 41(6) keV 45(3) dtk β+ (92%) 155Er (1/2+)
α (8%) 151Ho
156Tm 69 87 155,938980(17) 83,8(18) dtk β+ (99,93%) 156Er 2−
α (0,064%) 152Er
156mTm 203,6(5) keV ~400 ndtk (11−)
157Tm 69 88 156,93697(3) 3,63(9) mnt β+ 157Er 1/2+
158Tm 69 89 157,936980(27) 3,98(6) mnt β+ 158Er 2−
158mTm 50(100)# keV ~20 ndtk (5+)
159Tm 69 90 158,93498(3) 9,13(16) mnt β+ 159Er 5/2+
160Tm 69 91 159,93526(4) 9,4(3) mnt β+ 160Er 1−
160m1Tm 70(20) keV 74,5(15) dtk IT (85%) 160Tm 5(+#)
β+ (15%) 160Er
160m2Tm 98,2+X keV ~200 ndtk (8)
161Tm 69 92 160,93355(3) 30,2(8) mnt β+ 161Er 7/2+
161m1Tm 7,4(2) keV 5# mnt 1/2+
161m2Tm 78,20(3) keV 110(3) ndtk 7/2−
162Tm 69 93 161,933995(28) 21,70(19) mnt β+ 162Er 1−
162mTm 130(40) keV 24,3(17) dtk IT (82%) 162Tm 5+
β+ (18%) 162Er
163Tm 69 94 162,932651(6) 1,810(5) jam β+ 163Er 1/2+
164Tm 69 95 163,93356(3) 2,0(1) mnt β+ 164Er 1+
164mTm 10(6) keV 5,1(1) mnt IT (80%) 164Tm 6−
β+ (20%) 164Er
165Tm 69 96 164,932435(4) 30,06(3) jam β+ 165Er 1/2+
166Tm 69 97 165,933554(13) 7,70(3) jam β+ 166Er 2+
166mTm 122(8) keV 340(25) mdtk IT 166Tm 6−
167Tm 69 98 166,9328516(29) 9,25(2) hri EC 167Er 1/2+
167m1Tm 179,480(19) keV 1,16(6) μdtk (7/2)+
167m2Tm 292,820(20) keV 0,9(1) μdtk 7/2−
168Tm 69 99 167,934173(3) 93,1(2) hri β+ (99,99%) 168Er 3+
β (0,01%) 168Yb
169Tm 69 100 168,9342133(27) Stabil Secara Pengamatan[n 8] 1/2+ 1,0000
170Tm 69 101 169,9358014(27) 128,6(3) hri β (99,86%) 170Yb 1−
EC (0,14%) 170Er
170mTm 183,197(4) keV 4,12(13) μdtk (3)+
171Tm 69 102 170,9364294(28) 1,92(1) thn β 171Yb 1/2+
171mTm 424,9560(15) keV 2,60(2) μdtk 7/2−
172Tm 69 103 171,938400(6) 63,6(2) jam β 172Yb 2−
173Tm 69 104 172,939604(5) 8,24(8) jam β 173Yb (1/2+)
173mTm 317,73(20) keV 10(3) μdtk (7/2−)
174Tm 69 105 173,94217(5) 5,4(1) mnt β 174Yb (4)−
175Tm 69 106 174,94384(5) 15,2(5) mnt β 175Yb (1/2+)
176Tm 69 107 175,94699(11) 1,85(3) mnt β 176Yb (4+)
177Tm 69 108 176,94904(32)# 90(6) dtk β 177Yb (7/2−)
178Tm 69 109 177,95264(43)# 30# dtk β 178Yb
179Tm 69 110 178,95534(54)# 20# dtk β 179Yb 1/2+#
Header & footer tabel ini:  view 
  1. ^ mTm – Isomer nuklir tereksitasi.
  2. ^ ( ) – Ketidakpastian (1σ) diberikan dalam bentuk ringkas dalam tanda kurung setelah digit terakhir yang sesuai.
  3. ^ # – Massa atom bertanda #: nilai dan ketidakpastian yang diperoleh bukan dari data eksperimen murni, tetapi setidaknya sebagian dari tren dari Permukaan Massa (trends from the Mass Surface, TMS).
  4. ^ a b c # – Nilai yang ditandai # tidak murni berasal dari data eksperimen, tetapi setidaknya sebagian dari tren nuklida tetangga (trends of neighboring nuclides, TNN).
  5. ^ Mode peluruhan:
    EC: Penangkapan elektron
    IT: Transisi isomerik


    p: Emisi proton
  6. ^ Simbol tebal sebagai anak – Produk anak stabil.
  7. ^ ( ) nilai spin – Menunjukkan spin dengan argumen penempatan yang lemah.
  8. ^ Diyakini mengalami peluruhan α menjadi 165Ho

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