Indeks Kekuatan Relatif

Indeks Kekuatan Relatif atau lebih dikenal dengan nama Relative Strength Index (RSI) adalah suatu osilator yang digunakan dalam analisis teknis untuk menunjukkan kekuatan harga dengan cara membandingkan pergerakan kenaikan dan penurunan harga.

Metode RSI ini diperkenalkan oleh J. Welles Wilder dan diterbitkan pada majalah Commodities Magazine yang sekarang bernama Future Magazine pada bulan Juni 1978 serta dalam bukunya yang berjudul New Concepts in Technical Trading Systems,^[1] RSI ini menjadi populer penggunaannya oleh karena secara relatif mudah diinterpretasikan.

Istilah "kekuatan relatif" atau relative strength ini juga merujuk pada kekuatan dari suatu saham dalam kaitannya dengan pasar secara keseluruhan atau terhadap sektor usaha saham tersebut.^[2] Untuk menghindari kebingungan maka kadang-kadang disebut juga "pembanding kekuatan relatif" (relative strength comparative) yang tidak berhubungan dengan RSI dalam artikel ini.

Perhitungan

Dilakukan perhitungan harian atas suatu perubahan kenaikan harga "U" atau perubahan penurunan harga "D" ^[3] Misalnya pada suatu hari dimana harga penutupan berada pada posisi lebih tinggi daripada harga kemarin

U=Hargapenutupan_{hariini}-Hargapenutupan_{kemarin}

D=0

Atau sebaliknya pada hari dimana harga turun (catatan: D adalah nilai positif),

U=0

D=Hargapenutupan_{kemarin}-Hargapenutupan_{hariini}

Apabila harga penutupan hari ini sama dengan harga penutupan kemarin maka nilai U dan D adalah nol. Nilai rata2 U dihitung berdasarkan exponential moving average" (EMA) atau eksponen pergerakan rata2 dengan menggunakan faktor N-hari demikian pula dengan perhitungan D. Rsio dari nilai rata2 adalah "kekuatan relatif",

RS={EMA[N]\;dari\;U \over EMA[N]\;dari\;D}

Yang dikonversi menjadi nilai RSI antara 0 dan 100,

RSI=100-100\times {1 \over 1+RS}

Ini dapat dpata dirumuskan sebagai berikut:

RSI=100\times {EMA[N]\;dari\;U \over (EMA[N]\;dari\;U)+(EMA[N]\;dari\;D)}

Dalam teori, EMA menggunakan nilai tak terbatas dari data lampau.^[3]

AvgU_{initial}={U_{1}+U_{2}+\cdots +U_{N} \over N}

lalu dilanjutkan dengan formula EMA,

AvgU_{hariini}=\alpha \times U_{hariini}+(1-\alpha )\times AvgU_{kemarin}

(demikian pula dengan cara perhitungan D.)

Interpretasi

Wilder berpendapat bahwa sekuriti dikatakan kelebihan minat beli apabila ia mencapai nilai 70, yang artinya spekulator harus mempertimbangkan untuk menjual . Atau sebaliknya pada kondisi kelebihan minat jual pada nilai 30. Prinsipnya adalah bahwa apabila terdapat proporsi yang tinggi atas pergerakan nilai harian pada satu arah itu menunjukkan pertanda ekstrem, dan harga kemungkinannya akan berbalik arah. Nilai 80 dan 20 biasanya digunakan juga atau dapat juga bervariasi tergantung kondisi pasar misalnya "bullish" ( pasar naik) atau "bearish" ( pasar jatuh)

Gelombang besar dan kejatuhan harga sekuriti akan berpengaruh pada RSI, namun bisa juga merupakan sinyal palsu untuk menjual ataupun membeli. RSI sangat baik apabila digunakan bersama-sama dengan indikator analisis teknikal lainnya.

Catatan kaki

^ Relative Strength Index (RSI) Diarsipkan 2008-08-28 di Wayback Machine. at borsanaliz.com
^ Perbandingan kekuatan relatif Diarsipkan 2007-09-18 di Wayback Machine. pada situs MarketScreen.com
^ ^a ^b Relative Strength Index (RSI) Diarsipkan 2006-04-06 di Wayback Machine. at StockCharts.com]

Lihat pula

MACD moving average convergence/divergence
Grafik Bollinger
Osilator stokastik
Analisis teknis
Parabolic SAR
Momentum (analisis teknis) (Rate of Change (ROC) and Momentum)
Analisis fundamental
Tren harga dan volume

Bacaan lanjut

New Concepts in Technical Trading Systems by J. Welles Wilder, ISBN 0-89459-027-8
RSI buy & sell signals; RSI divergences at OnlineTradingConcepts.com
Relative Strength Index - Indikator forex RSI

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