Ibu jari kaki

Ibu jari kaki
Jari kaki terdalam (kiri) adalah ibu jari.
Rincian
Pengidentifikasi
Bahasa LatinHallux; Digitus primus pedis
MeSHD006214
TA98A01.1.00.058
TA2171
FMA25047
Daftar istilah anatomi

Pada tetrapoda, ibu jari kaki atau hallux adalah jari kaki terdalam (medial). Pada beberapa orang, ibu jari kaki bukan jari terpanjang. Ibu jari kaki dihitung sebagai digitus I.

Orang yang bertelanjang kaki atau sering mengenakan sandal cenderung memiliki ibu jari kaki yang terpisah dari lainnya, sementara pada orang yang sering mengenakan sepatu, ibu jari kaki berhimpitan dengan jari kedua.

Rasio jari

Artikel utama: Rasio jari

Pada sebagian besar manusia, ibu jari kaki lebih panjang daripada jari kedua. Ini merupakan ciri pewarisan pada manusia, di mana gen dominan menyebabkan jari kedua lebih panjang ("jari Morton") sementara genotipe homozigot resesif hadir dengan ciri yang lebih umum: ibu jari kaki yang lebih panjang.[1] Orang yang menderita penyakit genetik fibrodisplasia osifikans progresiva khasnya memiliki ibu jari kaki pendek yang tampak terbalik ke belakang atau medial.

Pada burung yang menderita anisodaktili atau heterodaktili, jari kaki berhadapan atau mengarah ke belakang, sehingga memungkinkan mencengkeram dan bertengger.

Evolusi

Ketika ibu jari tangan sering disebut sebagai salah satu cap tanda tangan pada manusia, jari tangan tetaplah setengah primitif dan sebenarnya ada pada semua primata. Pada manusia, cap jari paling diturunkan adalah ibu jari kaki. [2]

Patologi

Masalah umum terkait ibu jari kaki adalah terbentuknya haluks valgus (pembesaran sendi ibu jari kaki).

Ibu jari kaki juga tempat kejadian paling umum untuk onikokriptosis (kuku yang tumbuh ke dalam) dan serangan pirai.

Referensi

  1. ^ Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) relative lengths of first and second -189200
  2. ^ Lovejoy, C. Owen; Suwa, Gen; Simpson, Scott W.; Matternes, Jay H. (2009). "The Great Divides: Ardipithecus ramidus Reveals the Postcrania of Our Last Common Ancestors with African Apes". Science. 326 (5949): 102. doi:10.1126/science.1175833. 

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