Hyphaene thebaica

Hyphaene thebaica
Palmia doum
Doum Palm di Batticaloa, Sri Lanka
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Kerajaan:
(tanpa takson):
(tanpa takson):
(tanpa takson):
Ordo:
Famili:
Genus:
Spesies:
H. thebaica
Nama binomial
Hyphaene thebaica
Gambar Buah zuriat Madinah

Hyphaene thebaica (disebut juga Palmia doum (Ar: دوم) atau Zuriat) merupakan tanaman yang tumbuh subur di Arab Saudi dan negara-negara timur tengah seperti Mesir, Sudan dan sekitarnya.[2]

Morfologi

Batang

Hyphaene thebaica adalah pohon palem daun setinggi 10-17 m, dengan diameter batang 90 cm. Batangnya berbentuk Y, dan pohonnya mudah dikenali dari dikotomi batangnya yang membentuk hingga 16 tajuk. Warna kulit batang abu-abu gelap[3].

Daun

Ukuran daun tanaman ini sekitar 120 x 180 cm, berbentuk kipas, berumbai di ujung cabang dengan bilah terbagi menjadi beberapa ruas dengan panjang sekitar 60 cm, tepi rata; tangkai daun panjang sekitar 60 cm, dilengkapi dengan duri melengkung[3].

Bunga

Bunga jantan dan betina pada pohon yang berbeda. Bunga jantan bertangkai pendek, menyendiri di dalam lubang spadiks, spathe-bracts melingkari spadiks, runcing. Cabang-cabang spadiks betina lebih gemuk, dalam tahap berbuah ditandai dengan bantalan yang padat setelah buah jatuh[3].

Buah dan Biji

Buah yang dihasilkan berkayu dan bertahan lama di pohon. Buah berukuran 6-10 x 6-8 cm, halus, persegi panjang hingga kubus, dengan tepi berbentuk bulat, coklat mengkilap saat matang, masing-masing sekitar 120 g saat segar, 60 g saat kering, masing-masing buah berisi satu biji. Biji berukuran 2-3,5 x 3 cm, berwarna gading, berbuku-buku di pangkal, puncak tumpul[3]. Buah Zuriat ada 3 jenis, yaitu buah zuriat madinah, buah zuriat mesir dan buah zuriat sudan. Ciri-ciri buah zuriat madinah yaitu buahnya berwarna coklat kehitaman, sedangkan ciri buah zuriat mesir dan buah zuriat sudan berwarna coklat muda. Buah zuriat memiliki aroma mirip dengan buah kopi.

Kandungan Vitamin

Buah doum atau Buah Zuriat mengandung antioksidan yang signifikan, selain itu buah zuriat juga mengandung serat, Karbohidrat, Lemak, Protein, Vitamin B1, B2 dan B3, Kalsium, Fosfor dan Senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti flavonoid.[butuh rujukan]

Buah doum (Hyphaene thebaica), dan doum-fruit our (DFF) dipelajari dari segi sifat fisika-kimia serta teknologi pengolahannya untuk membuat biskuit, kerupuk, dan puding yang mengandung DFF.

Buah zuriat dapat diolah menjadi tepung buah zuriat atau Doum-Fruit Flour (DFF) untuk menghasilkan beberapa makanan fungsional seperti biskuit, kerupuk, dan puding. Tepung ini memiliki kandungan protein kasar dan ekstrak eter kasar yang rendah, masing-masing 2,87 dan 0,76%. Gula non pereduksi mewakili sekitar (91,94%) dari total gula (43,70%). DFF dapat dianggap sebagai sumber mineral yang baik (K, Ca, Na, dan Mg), sumber serat, kandungan fenolik total, kandungan flavonoid dan aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi di samping beberapa vitamin seperti B3, B6 dan B1[4].

Referensi

  1. ^ Cosiaux, A., Gardiner, L.M. & Couvreur, T.L.P. (2017). Hyphaene thebaica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T19017230A95306916. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T19017230A95306916.en. Downloaded on 28 September 2018.
  2. ^ "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew". apps.kew.org (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2018-02-26. 
  3. ^ a b c d World Agroforestry Centre. "Hyphaene thebaica" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 2023-05-19. 
  4. ^ Aamer, Reda (2015-12-01). "Physicohemical Properties of Doum (Hyphaene thebaica) Fruits and Utilization of its Flour in Formulating Some Functional Foods". Alexandria Journal of Food Science and Technology. 12 (2): 29–40. doi:10.12816/0025396. ISSN 1687-3920. 

Bacaan lanjutan

  • Hyphaene thebaica in Brunken, U., Schmidt, M., Dressler, S., Janssen, T., Thombiano, A. & Zizka, G. 2008. West African plants - A Photo Guide. Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Frankfurt/Main.

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