Hibiscus syriacus

Hibiscus syriacus
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Kerajaan:
Plantae
Klad: Tracheophyta
Klad: Angiospermae
Klad: Eudikotil
Klad: Rosid
Ordo:
Malvales
Famili:
Malvaceae
Genus:
Hibiscus
Spesies:
H. syriacus
Nama binomial
Hibiscus syriacus

Hibiscus syriacus (syn. Althaea frutex Hort. ex Mill.), adalah tanaman berbunga dari jenis Hibiscus. Nama lain bunga ini adalah Bunga Sharon.[1] Banyak tumbuh di Asia dan berasal dari famili Malvaceae. Bentuk bunga seperti vas dan cabang-cabangnya bisa mencapai tinggi 2–4 m.[1] Berkembang baik di wilayah dengan musim panas yang hangat. Bunga berwarna putih, merah jambu, merah, dan ungu.[1]

Bunga nasional Korea Selatan

Dalam bahasa Korea, Hibiscus syriacus disebut mugunghwa (무궁화; 無窮花). Bunga ini merupakan bunga nasional Republik Korea. Kembangnya tidak memiliki tampilan meriah atau berbau wangi cukup kuat, sehingga tampak biasa saja.[2] Walau begitu, bunga ini dianggap mencerminkan karakter nasional rakyat Korea.[2] Bagi orang Korea, mugunghwa menyimbolkan ketekunan, kelembutan dan keteguhan.[2] Walaupun disukai sejak lama, mugunghwa sempat diabaikan karena penguasa Korea lebih memilih bunga pir (i-hwa) sebagai simbol.[3] Mugunghwa dipilih sebagai bunga nasional oleh rakyat Korea pada masa Penjajahan Jepang (1910-1945) dan ditanam secara luas sebagai simbol perlawanan untuk menyuarakan kemerdekaan.[2] Bunga mugunghwa mekar selama 100 hari, dari Juli sampai Oktober, lebih lama daripada bunga manapun. Bunga tanaman lain layu dalam sehari, tetapi mugunghwa segar berhari-hari.[3] Sifat ini menginspirasi rakyat Korea di saat mengalami penderitaan akibat penjajahan.[3]

Mugunghwa telah dikenal bangsa Korea sejak zaman kuno.[2] Pada catatan sejarah tentang kerajaan Gojoseon (2333 SM-108 SM), Handan-gogi, bunga ini dinamakan hwanhwa, mokkeun atau geunhwa.[2] Sebuah dokumen diplomatik Silla (57 SM-935) yang dikirim untuk Dinasti Tang berisi referensi yang menuliskan bahwa Silla adalah negeri yang penuh wangi geunhwa.[2] Selain itu koleksi geografis Cina, Shanhaijing (Gunung dan Lautan Klasik) dan Gujinzhu ("Ensiklopedia") yang disusun pada zaman Dinasti Qin (221 SM-206 SM) menuliskan referensi mengenai Korea sebagai negeri dimana mugunghwa tumbuh subur.[2]

Istilah mugunghwa digunakan sejak zaman Goryeo (918-1392) dalam Dongguk isanggukjip (Koleksi Karya Menteri Yi) yang ditulis Yi Gyu-bo (1168-1241).[2] Pada masa Goryeo dan Joseon, raja menghadiahkan sarjana yang lulus (gwageo) dengan mugunghwa kertas.[2]

Lagu Aegukga yang dikomposisikan tahun 1907, salah satu syairnya berbunyi mugunghwa samcheolli hwaryeo gangsan atau pesona 3000-li seluruh negeri yang diselimuti mugunghwa.[3] Para pemimpin Korea sering menyertakan keteguhan bunga mugunghwa dalam pidato untuk membangkitkan kesadaran nasional.[3]

Referensi

  1. ^ a b c Hibiscus syriacus Diarsipkan 2010-05-22 di Wayback Machine., hort.uconn. Diakses pada 17 Mei 2010.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Yoo, Myeong-jong; Lee, Ji-hye year=2008. 100 Cultura l Symbols of Korea chapter 02 - Nature, Science and technology. Seoul: Korea Foundation. hlm. 10.  line feed character di |title= pada posisi 12 (bantuan); line feed character di |last2= pada posisi 13 (bantuan)
  3. ^ a b c d e An Illustrated Guide to Korean Culture - 233 traditional key words. Seoul: Hakgojae Publishing Co. 2002. hlm. Pp462–463. ISBN 89-8546-98-1 Periksa nilai: length |isbn= (bantuan). 

Pranala luar

Galeri

  • Hibiscus syriacus 'Oiseau Bleu'
    Hibiscus syriacus 'Oiseau Bleu'
  • Dedaunan Hibiscus syriacus
    Dedaunan Hibiscus syriacus
  • Hibiscus syriacus 'Woodbridge'
    Hibiscus syriacus 'Woodbridge'
  • Polinasi Bombus ruderatus
    Polinasi Bombus ruderatus

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