Gunung Pinatubo

Gunung Pinatubo
Danau kawah Gunung Pinatubo pada tahun 2012
Titik tertinggi
Ketinggian
  • 1.486 m (4.875 ft) (sekarang)
  • 1.745 m (5.725 ft) (sebelum letusan tahun 1991)
Masuk dalam daftarDaftar gunung berapi aktif di Filipina
Koordinat15°08′30″N 120°21′00″E / 15.14167°N 120.35000°E / 15.14167; 120.35000 
Penamaan
Pengucapan/ˌpiːnəˈtuːboʊ/
Geografi
Gunung Pinatubo di Filipina
Gunung Pinatubo
Gunung Pinatubo
Lokasi
LetakPulau Luzon
NegaraFilipina
RegionLuzon Tengah
Provinces
PegununganPegunungan Zambales
Geologi
Usia batuanAntara 635.000 ± 80.000
dan 1,1 ± 0,09 juta tahun[2]
Jenis gunungGunung berapi kerucut[1]
Busur/sabuk vulkanikBusur Vulkanik Luzon
Letusan terakhir30 November 2021[3]
Peta
Letusan gunung Pinatubo tahun 1991.

Gunung Pinatubo adalah sebuah gunung berapi kerucut aktif yang terletak di pulau Luzon, Filipina, di perbatasan provinsi Zambales, Tarlac, dan Pampanga. Gunung ini meletus pada tahun 1991, lebih dari 490 tahun setelah aktivitas erupsi yang terakhir kali terlihat,[4] yang merupakan letusan terbesar kedua[5] pada abad ke-20. Prediksi atas letusan ini awalnya berhasil sehingga puluhan ribu orang mengungsi dari gunung ini dan menyelamatkan banyak jiwa. Tetapi daerah sekitar gunung tersebut hancur karena aliran piroklastik, abu dan lahar.

Catatan kaki

Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Mount Pinatubo.
  1. ^ "Pinatubo". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal January 23, 2020. Diakses tanggal January 23, 2020. 
  2. ^ "Pinatubo Volcano". The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal January 29, 2009. Diakses tanggal August 12, 2008. 
  3. ^ "Pinatubo: Eruptive History". Global Volcanism Program. Institusi Smithsonian. 
  4. ^ Smithsonian Institution Global Volcanism Program: {{{2}}}
  5. ^ The Cataclysmic 1991 Eruption of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-08-25, diakses tanggal 2007-04-09 

Daftar pustaka

  • Decker, R. and Decker, B. (1997) Volcanoes, 3rd edition, WH Freeman, New York.
  • Hiromu Shimizu (2002), Struggling for Existence after the Pinatubo Eruption 1991: Catastrophe, Suffering and Rebirth of Ayta Communities Diarsipkan 2004-08-15 di Wayback Machine.. Paper presented inter-congress of the International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
  • McCormick, M. Patrick; et al. (1995). "Atmospheric effects of the Mt Pinatubo eruption". Nature. 373: 399–404. doi:10.1038/373399a0. 
  • Newhall, C. and Punongbayan, R., eds. (1997) Fire and Mud: Eruptions and Lahars of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines Diarsipkan 2021-12-21 di Wayback Machine.. ISBN 0-295-97585-7.
  • Scaillet, B. and Evans, B. W. (1999) The 15 June 1991 Eruption of Mount Pinatubo. I. Phase Equilibria and Pre-eruption P–T–fO2–fH2O Conditions of the Dacite Magma. Journal of Petrology, v. 40, 381–411.
  • Stimac J.A., Goff F., Counce D., Larocque A.C.L., Hilton D.R. (2003), The crater lake and hydrothermal system of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines: evolution in the decade after eruption, Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 66, p. 149–167
  • Wiesner, M.G., Wetzel, A. Catane, S.G., Listanco, E.L. and Mirabueno, H.T. (2004) Grain size, areal thickness distribution and controls on sedimentation of the 1991 Mount Pinatubo tephra layer in the South China Sea. Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 66, 226–242.
  • Dhot, S. Mt Pinatubo Safety.

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