Gradualisme

Gradualisme merupakan siasat untuk mengadakan perubahan sosial dengan melakukan pembaharuan khusus yang bertujuan menciptakan masyarakat sosialis.[1] Teori gradualisme dikemukakan oleh ahli Geologi Skotlandia bernama James Hutton (1726 – 1797). Paham tersebut menyatakan bahwa perubahan geologis berlangsung pelan-pelan tetapi pasti.

Menurut Darwin, evolusi dimungkinkan akibat rentetan proses yang memerlukan waktu lama dan bertahap. Ia sependapat dengan natura non facit saltus: “alam tidak membuat lompatan” yang dikenalkan oleh Gottfried Leibniz dan Carolus Linnaeus. Pandangan mengenai uniformitarianism dalam buku Charles Lyell's[2] yang pernah menjadi salah satu buku pegangan Darwin selama melakukan ekspedisi, turut mempengaruhi pemikirannya. Hal ini dapat dengan mudah diidentifikasi dalam tulisan Darwin yang banyak menggunakan data geologi sebagai pendukung teorinya.

Pandangan tersebut menganggap bahwa alam selalu konstan sepanjang masa (dalam ruang dan waktu) dan hukum alam yang ada saat ini adalah juga sama dengan yang terjadi pada masa lalu. Lewat gradualisme, darwinis sosial tidak hanya meragukan revolusi, tapi meniadakan kejutan-kejutan lainnya. Maka yang ada haruslah tahapan-tahapan terprediksi dan syarat-prasyarat. Spontanitas tidak berlaku dalam hidup yang serba gradual.

Referensi

Catatan kaki

  1. ^ "Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-11-07. Diakses tanggal 2017-11-06. 
  2. ^ Hutton, J. (1785). Theory of the Earth. United States of America: The Library of Alexandria.

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