Girondin

Girondins
PemimpinMarquis de Condorcet
Jean-Marie Roland
Jacques Pierre Brissot
Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud
Dibentuk1791
Dibubarkan1793
Kantor pusatBordeaux, Gironde
Surat kabarPatriote français
Le Courrier de Provence
La chronique de Paris
IdeologiAbolisionisme[1]
Konservatisme liberal
Republikanisme[2]
Posisi politikTengah-kanan[3]

Girondin (bahasa Prancis: [ʒiʁɔ̃dɛ̃]) adalah anggota faksi politik dengan ikatan yang renggang pada masa Revolusi Prancis. Girondin aktif di Majelis Legislatif dan Konvensi Nasional dari tahun 1791 hingga 1793. Awalnya mereka merupakan bagian dari pergerakan Jakobin bersama dengan kelompok Montagnard. Mereka menginginkan pembubaran sistem monarki, tetapi kemudian menentang momentum revolusi yang terlalu bergejolak, sehingga memicu konflik dengan kelompok Montagnard yang lebih radikal. Mereka mendominasi pergerakan revolusi hingga kelompok ini jatuh selama pemberontakan 31 Mei - 2 Juni 1793, sehingga revolusi kemudian didominasi oleh kelompok Montagnard dan anggota Girondin dihukum mati secara massal. Peristiwa ini memulai masa Pemerintahan Teror.

Girondin merupakan sekelompok orang dengan hubungan yang renggang dan bukan partai politik yang terorganisir. Nama Girondin awalnya digunakan secara tidak resmi tokoh-tokohnya merupakan anggota perwakilan Majelis Legislatif dari Departemen Gironde di Prancis barat daya.

Pemimpin Girondin Jacques-Pierre Brissot mengusulkan rencana militer yang ambisius untuk menyebarkan revolusi ke luar negeri, sehingga Girondin menjadi kelompok pendukung perang pada tahun 1792–1793. Tokoh Girondin lainnya yang penting adalah Jean Marie Roland dan istrinya, Madame Roland. Mereka bersekutu dengan aktivis Amerika Thomas Paine. Brissot dan Madame Roland pada akhirnya dihukum mati dan Jean Roland (yang telah bersembunyi) bunuh diri setelah mendengar kabar mengenai penghukuman mati tersebut. Paine dipenjara dan hampir dihukum mati.

Catatan kaki

  1. ^ David Barry Gaspar; David Patrick Geggus (1997). A Turbulent Time: The French Revolution and the Greater Caribbean. Indiana University Press. hlm. 262. 
  2. ^ "Girondin". Encyclopædia Britannica. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-05-14. Diakses tanggal 2018-05-24. 
  3. ^ Jennifer Llewellyn; Steve Thompson (2015). "The Girondins and Montagnards". Alpha History. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-05. Diakses tanggal 2018-05-24. 

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