Gendang telinga

Anatomi telinga
Gendang telinga kanan

Gendang telinga atau membrana tympani adalah selaput atau membran tipis yang memisahkan telinga luar dan telinga tengah. Ia berfungsi untuk menghantar getaran suara dari udara menuju tulang pendengaran di dalam telinga tengah.

Gendang telinga secara anatomi dibagi 2 yaitu pars tensa (tegang) dan pars flaksida,

  1. Pars tensa, sebagain besar gendang telinga merupakan pars tensa, terdiri dari 3 lapis, bagian luar lanjutan kulit liang telinga, di tengah jaringan ikat, dan bagian dalam yang mengarah ke telinga tengah, merupakan lanjutan mukosa telinga tengah.
  2. Pars flaksida, bagian atas gendang telinga (daerah atiq), hanya terdiri dari dua lapis tanpa jaringan ikat di bagian tengah.

Kerusakan gendang telinga berupa bolong/pecah (perforasi) terutama disebabkan infeksi telinga tengah (Otitis Media), tetapi dapat juga karena trauma.

Kerusakan pada gendang telinga dapat menyebabkan tuli yang konduktif. Tuli konduktif adalah hilangnya pendengaran karena tidak dapat tersampaikannya getaran suara. Jenis tuli lainnya yaitu tuli sensorik yang disebabkan rusaknya sistem saraf pendengaran. Beberapa orang mempunyai keluhan dengan gangguan neuropati pendengaran, biasanya mereka tidak bisa mendengar di tempat yang bising. Misalnya ketika menghadiri acara yang penuh suara keras, konser musik, pertandingan, dan suara mesin pabrik yang sangat bising. Umumnya mereka baru sadar ketika diperiksa secara medis dan menandakan adanya gangguan pendengaran tersembunyi. Untuk saat ini belum ditemukan pengobatan untuk gangguan pendengaran tersembunyi. Setidaknya bisa mengetahui apakah gangguan neuropati pendengaran pada seseorang disebabkan kehilangan sinapsis atau kerusakan myelin (heminode).

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