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Fulerena

Bukminsterfulerena C60 (kiri) dan tabung nano karbon (kanan) merupakan dua contoh struktur dalam keluarga fulerena.

Fulerena adalah salah satu dari benda-benda yang tergolong alotrop karbon, molekul yang tersusun seluruhnya dari karbon dalam bentuk bola berlubang, elipsoid, tabung, dan lain-lain. Fulerena berbentuk bola biasanya disebut buckyball, dan yang berbentuk silindris biasa disebut karbon nanotube.[1] Grafena adalah lembaran fulerena planar. Struktur fulerena mirip dengan struktur grafit, yang tersusun dari lembaran yang bertumpuk oleh cincin heksagonal yang tersambung, tetapi mungkin juga mengandung cincin pentagonal atau heptagonal yang mencegah lembaran menjadi berbentuk planar.

Fulerena ditemukan pada tahun 1985 oleh Robert Curl, Harold Kroto, dan Richard Smalley di Universitas Sussex dan Universitas Rice,[2] yang dinamai berdasarkan Richard Buckminster Fuller yang menciptakan kubah geodesik.[3]

Fulerena dapat dilarutkan pada banyak pelarut secara terbatas. Pelarut yang umum untuk fulerena adalah pelarut aromatik seperti toluena dan lainnya seperti karbon disulfida. Fulerena adalah satu-satunya alotrop karbon yang dapat larut dalam pelarut kimia umum dalam temperatur ruangan.[4][5][6][7][8] Larutan fulerena murni memiliki warna ungu tua. Larutan C70 (fulerena dengan atom karbon sebanyak 70) berwarna coklat kemerahan. Fulerena yang lebih besar seperti C76 hingga C84 memiliki warna yang bervariasi. C76 memiliki bentuk optis sementara fulerena yang lebih tinggi memiliki beberapa isomer struktur.

Pelarut yang memungkinkan untuk melarutkan fulerena di antaranya:[9][10][11][12][13]

Catatan kaki

  1. ^ "Definition of BUCKYTUBE". Merriam Webster Dictionary. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2022-11-27. Diakses tanggal 2022-06-25. 
  2. ^ Kroto, H.W.; Heath, J. R.; Obrien, S. C.; et al. (1985). "C60: Buckminsterfullerene". Nature. 318 (6042): 162–163. Bibcode:1985Natur.318..162K. doi:10.1038/318162a0. 
  3. ^ Buckminsterfullerene, C60 Diarsipkan 2021-02-27 di Wayback Machine.. Sussex Fullerene Group. chm.bris.ac.uk
  4. ^ Beck, Mihály T.; Mándi, Géza (1997). "Solubility of C60". Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures. 5 (2): 291–310. doi:10.1080/15363839708011993. 
  5. ^ Bezmel'nitsyn, V.N.; Eletskii, A.V.; Okun', M.V. (1998). "Fullerenes in solutions". Physics-Uspekhi. 41 (11): 1091–1114. Bibcode:1998PhyU...41.1091B. doi:10.1070/PU1998v041n11ABEH000502. 
  6. ^ Ruoff, R.S.; Tse, Doris S.; Malhotra, Ripudaman; Lorents, Donald C. (1993). "Solubility of fullerene (C60) in a variety of solvents" (PDF). Journal of Physical Chemistry. 97 (13): 3379–3383. doi:10.1021/j100115a049. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 8 May 2012. Diakses tanggal 24 February 2015. 
  7. ^ Sivaraman, N.; Dhamodaran, R.; Kaliappan, I.; et al. (1994). "Solubility of C70 in Organic Solvents". Fullerene Science and Technology. 2 (3): 233–246. doi:10.1080/15363839408009549. 
  8. ^ Semenov, K. N.; Charykov, N. A.; Keskinov, V. A.; et al. (2010). "Solubility of Light Fullerenes in Organic Solvents". Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data. 55: 13–36. doi:10.1021/je900296s. 
  9. ^ Beck, Mihály T.; Mándi, Géza (1997). "Solubility of C60". Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures. 5 (2): 291–310. doi:10.1080/15363839708011993. 
  10. ^ Bezmel'nitsyn, V.N.; Eletskii, A.V.; Okun', M.V. (1998). "Fullerenes in solutions". Physics-Uspekhi. 41 (11): 1091–1114. Bibcode:1998PhyU...41.1091B. doi:10.1070/PU1998v041n11ABEH000502. 
  11. ^ Ruoff, R.S.; Tse, Doris S.; Malhotra, Ripudaman; Lorents, Donald C. (1993). "Solubility of fullerene (C60) in a variety of solvents" (PDF). Journal of Physical Chemistry. 97 (13): 3379–3383. doi:10.1021/j100115a049. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2012-05-08. Diakses tanggal 2022-06-25. 
  12. ^ Sivaraman, N.; Dhamodaran, R.; Kaliappan, I.; Srinivasan, T. G.; Vasudeva Rao, P. R. P.; Mathews, C. K. C. (1994). "Solubility of C70 in Organic Solvents". Fullerene Science and Technology. 2 (3): 233–246. doi:10.1080/15363839408009549. 
  13. ^ Semenov, K. N.; Charykov, N. A.; Keskinov, V. A.; Piartman, A. K.; Blokhin, A. A.; Kopyrin, A. A. (2010). "Solubility of Light Fullerenes in Organic Solvents". Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data. 55: 13–36. doi:10.1021/je900296s. 

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