Friedrich Gogarten

Friedrich Gogarten (lahir 13 Januari 1887 di Dortmund, meninggal 16 Oktober 1967 di Göttingen), adalah seorang teolog Jerman. Mula-mula ia menjadi pengkhotbah pembantu di Bremen (1914), lalu menjadi pendeta pada 1917 di Stelzendorf (Thüringen), dan pada 1925 di Dorndorf/Saale. Ia menjabat sebagai dosen luar biasa dalam bidang teologi sistematika di Universitas Jena sejak 1927. Pada 1931 ia menjadi profesor di Breslau, dan 1933 ia pindah dan mengajar sebagai profesor penuh di Georg-August-Universitat.

Teologi

Gogarten mengambil gagasan anti idealisme dari Soeren Kierkegaard dan karya-karyanya dekat dengan karya Karl Barth dan Rudolf Bultmann. Dengan menggunakan teologi dialektika Barth, ia merumuskan penafsiran yang baru tentang kebudayaan dan sejarah dari sudut pandangan Lutheran. Dalam karya-karyanya yang berjudul "Politische Ethik" (Etika Politik) (1932) dan "Der Mensch Zwischen Gott und Welt" (Manusia antara Allah dan Dunia) (1952) ia mengungkapkan keprihatinannya terhadap masalah hubungan manusia dengan agamanya dan negara.

Dalam karya utamanya, "Entmythologisierung und die Kirche" (1954) (terbit dalam terjemahan bahasa Inggris dengan judul "Demythologization and the Church" (Demitologisasi dan Gereja) (1955), ia meneliti dan memperluas upaya-upaya Bultmann untuk menyingkirkan unsur-unsur mitos dari Perjanjian Baru.

Politik

Gogarten mula-mula merupakan sekutu dekat Karl Barth, namun ia kemudian kecewa dengan sikap Republik Weimar yang pluralistik dan meluasnya individualisme. Karena itu ia belakangan bergabung dengan Emanuel Hirsch dan menyerukan agar negara mempertahankan dan meningkatkan kehidupan Volk (rakyat). Pada 1933 Gogarten mendukung keberadaan negara yang otoriter, dan karena itu ia memberikan dukungan kepada Hitler. Sejak itu hubungannya dengan Barth pun terputus.

Karya-karya Friedrich Gogarten

  • Fichte als religiöser Denker (1914)
  • Religion und Volkstum (1915)
  • Religion weither (1917)
  • Rudolf Steiners "Geisteswissenschaft" und das Christentum (1920)
  • Die religiöse Entscheidung (1921)
  • Von Glauben und Offenbarung (1923)
  • Illusionen (1926)
  • Ich glaube an den dreieinigen Gott (1926)
  • Theologische Tradition und theologische Arbeit (1927)
  • Glaube und Wirklichkeit (1928)
  • Die Schuld der Kirche gegen die Welt (1928)
  • Wider die Ächtung der Autorität (1930)
  • Politische Ethik (1932)
  • Die Selbstverständlichkeiten unserer Zeit und der christliche Glaube (1932)
  • Einheit von Evangelium und Volkstum? (1933)
  • Das Bekenntnis der Kirche (1934)
  • Ist Volksgesetz Gottesgesetz? (1934)
  • Wort Gottes und Schrift (1936)
  • Gericht oder Skepsis (1937)
  • Weltanschauung und Glaube (1937)
  • Der Zerfall des Humanismus und die Gottesfrage (1937)
  • Die Kirche in der Welt (1948)
  • Die Verkündigung Jesu Christi (1948)
  • Der Mensch zwischen Gott und Welt (1952)
  • Entmythologisierung und Kirche (1954)
  • Die Wirklichkeit des Glaubens (1956)
  • Was ist Christentum? (1956)
  • Der Schatz in irdenen Gefässen (1960)
  • Verhängnis und Hoffnung der Neuzeit (1966)
  • Jesus Christus, Wende der Welt (1966)
  • Der Schatz in irdenen Gefässen (1967)
  • Luthers Theologie (1967)
  • Die Frage nach Gott (1968)

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