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Francis Turretin

Francis Turretin
Francis Turretin
Lahir(1623-10-17)17 Oktober 1623
Meninggal28 September 1687(1687-09-28) (umur 63)
PekerjaanTeolog

Francis Turretin (17 Oktober 1623 – 28 September 1687; juga dikenal sebagai François Turrettini ) adalah seorang teolog skolastik Reformed Jenewa keturunan Italia.[1]

Turretin paling dikenal sebagai penentang teologi Calvinis moderat dari Akademi Saumur [2] (yang dipopulerkan oleh Moise Amyraut dan disebut sebagai Amyraldisme ). Ia adalah salah satu pembela utama dari ortodoksi Calvinis yang diwakili oleh Sinode Dordrecht, dan juga salah satu penulis Consensus Helvetica, pengakuan iman yang membela perumusan predestinasi oleh Sinode Dordrecht dan inspirasi verbal dari Alkitab.

Kehidupan

Francis adalah putra dari Bénédict Turrettini,[1] yang lahir di Jenewa. Kakeknya, Francesco Turrettini, meninggalkan kota asalnya Lucca pada tahun 1574 dan menetap di Jenewa pada tahun 1592.

Francis belajar teologi di Jenewa (1640-1644), Leiden (1644), Utrecht, Paris (1645-1646), Saumur (1646-1648), [3] Montauban, dan Nîmes .[1] Di Paris ia juga belajar filsafat di bawah bimbingan seorang filsuf Katolik Roma Pierre Gassendi . Ketika kembali ke Jenewa, ia diangkat menjadi gembala gereja Italia di sana (1648-1687), gembala jemaat Prancis (1653-1687), dan profesor teologi di Universitas Jenewa (mulai 1653). [3] Ia adalah ayah dari Jean-Alphonse Turrettini, yang akan banyak melawan teologi yang diperjuangkan ayahnya. [4]

Karya

Magnum opusnya, Institutio Theologiae Elencticae (Institutes of Elenctic Theology) adalah contoh utama dari skolastisisme Reformed. Institutionya menggunakan metode tanya-jawab untuk membahas beberapa isu yang kontroversial menjawab argumentasi dari teolog Roma Katolik, teolog liberal (Socinian), dan kaum Anabaptis.

Buku Institutio Theologiae Elencticae berisikan 20 pokok bahasan sebagai berikut:

  1. Teologi
  2. Kitab Suci
  3. Allah Tritunggal yang Esa
  4. Ketetapan Allah secara umum dan Predestinasi secara khusus
  5. Penciptaan
  6. Pemeliharaan Allah yang aktual
  7. Malaikat
  8. Keadaan manusia sebelum kejatuhan dan Kovenan Alam
  9. Dosa secara umum dan secara khusus
  10. Kehendak bebas manusia di dalam keadaan dosa
  11. Hukum Allah
  12. Kovenan Anugerah dan Ekonomi rangkap-dua-nya di dalam Perjanjian Lama dan Baru
  13. Pribadi dan keadaan Kristus
  14. Jabatan Kristus sebagai pengantara
  15. Panggilan dan Iman
  16. Pembenaran
  17. Pengudusan dan Perbuatan Baik
  18. Gereja
  19. Sakramen
  20. Eskatologi

Ia juga menuliskan Consensus Helvetica, sebuah pengakuan iman Reformed yang dituliskan untuk melawan Amyraldisme.

Turretin memberikan pengaruh yang sangat besar terhadap kaum Puritan. John Gerstner menyebut Turretin sebagai "teolog paling presisi dalam tradisi Calvinis ."

  1. ^ a b c Turrettini, François Diarsipkan 2019-04-02 di Wayback Machine., in the Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
  2. ^  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Turretin s.v.". Encyclopædia Britannica. 28 (edisi ke-11). Cambridge University Press. hlm. 483. 
  3. ^ a b Spencer 2000, hlm. 512.
  4. ^ Spencer 2000, hlm. 513.
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