Etnogenesis

Etnogenesis merupakan proses yang menciptakan munculnya perbedaan-perbedaan sosiokultural yang disadari oleh masyarakat suatu daerah, distrik, area, serta klasifikasi yang membedakan satu dengan yang lainnya.[1] Etnogenesis berasal dari bahasa Yunani, yang terdiri dari ethnos yang berarti "sesuatu yang awal, terbentuk"[2] dan genesis yang berarti "awal, mula".[2]

Proses ini sering kali dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal, seperti migrasi, perkawinan, atau transformasi budaya, dan faktor eksternal, seperti kolonisasi, perang, atau asimilasi dengan kelompok lain. Dalam etnogenesis, kelompok masyarakat menciptakan kesadaran kolektif tentang perbedaan mereka dengan kelompok lain melalui tradisi, bahasa, agama, atau sistem kekerabatan yang khas. Proses ini tidak hanya terjadi secara alami, tetapi sering dipengaruhi oleh dinamika politik dan ekonomi yang menciptakan kebutuhan untuk menonjolkan identitas etnis tertentu. Etnogenesis juga bisa berlangsung dalam jangka waktu yang panjang, mencerminkan adaptasi dan respons kelompok terhadap perubahan lingkungan sosial dan historis yang kompleks.

Referensi

  1. ^ Matsuda, Michiyuki (2001). International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (dalam bahasa Inggris). Elsevier. hlm. 175–177. doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-097086-8.12064-1. ISBN 978-0-08-097087-5. 
  2. ^ a b Liliweri, Alo (2018). Prasangka, Konflik, dan Komunikasi Antarbudaya. Jakarta: Prenada Media. hlm. 700. ISBN 9786024226091. 

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