Elektrode pembanding

Elektrode pembanding adalah elektrode yang memiliki potensial elektrode yang stabil dan diketahui.^[1] Stabilitas potensial elektrode yang tinggi biasanya dicapai dengan menggunakan sistem redoks dengan konsentrasi yang konstan untuk setiap senyawa yang terlibat dalam reaksi redoks.^[2]

Terdapat banyak cara untuk menggunakan elektrode pembanding. Cara paling sederhana adalah ketika elektrode pembanding digunakan sebagai setengah sel untuk membangun sel elektrokimia, sehingga potensial setengah sel lainnya dapat ditentukan. Sementara itu, metode yang akurat dan praktis untuk mengukur potensial elektrode secara terisolasi (potensial elektrode absolut) masih belum dikembangkan.

Elektrode pembanding cair

Beberapa contoh elektrode pembanding cair yang sering digunakan adalah:

Elektrode hidrogen standar (E=0.000 V) aktivitas H⁺=1
Elektrode hidrogen normal (E ≈ 0.000 V) konsentrasi H⁺=1
Elektrode hidrogen reversibel (E=0.000 V - 0.0591*pH)
Elektrode kalomel jenuh (E=+0.241 V jenuh)
Elektrode tembaga-tembaga(II) sulfat (E=+0.314 V)
Elektrode perak klorida (E=+0.197 V jenuh)
Elektrode pH (untuk larutan dapar pH, lihat larutan dapar)
Elektrode paladium-hidrogen
Elektrode hidrogen dinamis
Elektrode raksa-raksa sulfat (E=+0.64 V dalam K₂SO₄ jenuh, E=+0.68 V dalam 0.5 M H₂SO₄)

Catatan kaki

^ https://www.gamry.com/application-notes/electrodes-cells/reference-electrodes/
^ Bard, Allen J.; Faulkner, Larry R. (2000-12-18). Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications (edisi ke-2). Wiley. ISBN 0-471-04372-9.

Bacaan lanjut

Ives, David J. G.; George J. Janz (1961). Reference Electrodes, Theory and Practice (edisi ke-1st). Academic Press.
Zanello, P. (2003-10-01). Inorganic Electrochemistry: Theory, Practice, and Application (edisi ke-1). Royal Society of Chemistry. ISBN 0-85404-661-5.
Bard, Allen J.; Larry R. Faulkner (2000-12-18). Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications (edisi ke-2). Wiley. ISBN 0-471-04372-9.
O’Neil, Glen D.; Buiculescu, Raluca; Kounaves, Samuel P.; Chaniotakis, Nikos A. (2011). "Carbon-Nanofiber-Based Nanocomposite Membrane as a Highly Stable Solid-State Junction for Reference Electrodes". Analytical Chemistry. 83 (14): 5749–5753. doi:10.1021/ac201072u. ISSN 0003-2700.

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