Demam air hitam

Demam air hitam atau Blackwater fever (Malarial hemoglobinuria) adalah komplikasi malaria yang paling berbahaya.^[1] Demam ini terjadi karena infeksi dari parasit Plasmodium falciparum.^[1]^[2] Infeksi ini dapat menyebabkan kematian.^[1] Gejala dari penyakit ini adalah denyut nadi menjadi cepat, demam tinggi dan menggigil, anemia berlangsung cepat serta urin berwarna hitam atau merah tua.^[1] Warna urin tersebut terjadi karena adanya kandungan hemoglobin yang dilepaskan saat mengalami infeksi.^[1] Orang yang menderita penyakit ini sering mengalami anemia karena kekurangan sel darah merah.^[1]

Demam air hitam umumnya terjadi di Afrika dan Asia Tenggara.^[1] Orang yang rentan terhadap penyakit ini adalah non-imun imigran dan orang yang terpapar malaria.^[1] Penyakit ini jarang muncul sampai seseorang mengalami malaria setidaknya empat kali.^[1] Pengobatan yang dapat dilakukan untuk menyembuhkan penyakit ini adalah dengan memberikan obat antimalaria, transfusi darah secara menyeluruh dan istirahat total.^[1] Akan tetapi, pengobatan yang dijalankan tersebut masih memungkinkan adanya mortalitas (kematian) sekitar 25 persen sampai 50 persen.^[1]

Referensi

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k "Blackwater fever". Diakses tanggal 15 Juni 2014.
^ "What Is Blackwater Fever?". Diakses tanggal 15 Juni 2014.

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