Chert

Sampel Chert.

Chert (/ˈtʃɜːrt/) adalah sebuah batuan sedimen keras dan berbutir halus, yang terdiri dari kuarsa (wujud mineral silikon dioksida, SiO2[1]) mikrokristalin atau kriptokristalin.[2] Salah satu ciri utama chert adalah asal-usulnya yang biologis, namun chert juga dapat muncul secara inorganik sebagai sebuah endapan kimiawi atau sebagai pengganti diagenetik, seperti pada fosil kayu.[3]

Chert biasanya terbentuk dari sisa-sisa terfosilisasi dari selut silika (siliceous ooze), yaitu sejenis sedimen biogenik yang menutupi area yang luas pada dasra laut dalam. Selut ini mengandung sisa-sisa diatom, silicoflagellata, dan radiolaria.[4] Chert prakambrium terkenal karena memiliki fosil sianobakteri.[5] Selain mikrofosil,[4] terkadang chert juga mengandung makrofosil.[6][7]

Chert memiliki variasi warna yang sangat beragam, dari putih sampai hitam. Namun, biasanya chert ditemukan dengan warna abu-abu, abu-abu kecokelatan, hijau muda, merah karat[8][9], dan terkadang hijau tua.[10] Warnanya adalah hasil dari elemen-elemen jejak yang ada di batuan tersebut. Sebagai contoh, chert hijau dan merah biasanya dihubungkan dengan jejak-jejak besi dalam wujud teroksidasi dan tereduksinya.[4][11]

Referensi

  1. ^ "Chert: Sedimentary Rock - Pictures, Definition, Formation". geology.com. Diakses tanggal 2018-05-12. 
  2. ^ Knauth, L. Paul (1 June 1979). "A model for the origin of chert in limestone". Geology. 7 (6): 274–77. Bibcode:1979Geo.....7..274K. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1979)7<274:AMFTOO>2.0.CO;2. 
  3. ^ Bates, R. L.; Jackson, J., ed. (1984). Dictionary of Geological Terms (edisi ke-3rd). American Geological Institute/Doubleday. hlm. 85. ISBN 0385181019. OCLC 465393210. 
  4. ^ a b c Boggs, Sam (2006). Principles of sedimentology and stratigraphy (edisi ke-4th). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. hlm. 208–10. ISBN 0131547283. 
  5. ^ Golubic, Stjepko; Seong-Joo, Lee (October 1999). "Early cyanobacterial fossil record: preservation, palaeoenvironments and identification". European Journal of Phycology. 34 (4): 339–48. doi:10.1080/09670269910001736402 alt=Dapat diakses gratis. 
  6. ^ Bonde, Suresh D.; Kumaran, K. P. N. (February 2002). "The oldest macrofossil record of the mangrove fern Acrostichum L. from the Late Cretaceous Deccan Intertrappean beds of India". Cretaceous Research. 23 (1): 149–52. doi:10.1006/cres.2001.0307. 
  7. ^ Kotyk, M. E.; Basinger, J. F.; Gensel, P. G.; de Freitas, T. A. (1 June 2002). "Morphologically complex plant macrofossils from the Late Silurian of Arctic Canada". American Journal of Botany. 89 (6): 1004–13. doi:10.3732/ajb.89.6.1004 alt=Dapat diakses gratis. PMID 21665700. 
  8. ^ W.L. Roberts, T.J. Campbell, G.R. Rapp Jr., "Encyclopedia of Mineralogy, Second Edition", 1990. ISBN 0-442-27681-8
  9. ^ R.S. Mitchell, "Dictionary of Rocks", 1985. ISBN 0-442-26328-7
  10. ^ McBride, E.F.; Folk, R.L. (1977). "The Caballos Novaculite Revisited: Part II: Chert and Shale Members and Synthesis". SEPM Journal of Sedimentary Research. 47. doi:10.1306/212F731A-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D. 
  11. ^ Thurston, Diana R. (1972). "Studies on bedded cherts". Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. 36 (4): 329–334. Bibcode:1972CoMP...36..329T. doi:10.1007/BF00444339. 

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