Charles I de Guise

Potret Charles, Adipati Guise, oleh Justus Sustermans
Pertempuran laut di depan Île de Ré pada 1622, di mana armada La Rochelle dikalahkan melawan Charles, Adipati Guise.

Charles de Lorraine, Adipati Guise ke-4 dan Pangeran Joinville ke-3 (20 Agustus 1571 – 30 September 1640), merupakan putra Henri I de Guise dan Catherine dari Kleve. Ia menggantikan ayahandanya sebagai Adipati Guise pada 1588. Awalnya bagian dari liga Katolik, ia bersumpah setia kepada Henri IV dari Prancis dan dilantik sebagai Laksamana Levant oleh Louis XIII dari Prancis. Setelah berpihak dengan Ibu Ratu, Maria de' Medici, melawan Kardinal Richelieu, ia melarikan diri ke Italia dengan keluarganya dan meninggal di sana pada 1640.

Referensi

Sumber

  • Bernstein, Hilary (2004). Between Crown and Community: Politics and Civic Culture in Sixteenth-century Poitiers. Cornell University Press. 
  • Collins, James (2017). "Dynasty Instability, the Emergence of the French Monarchical Commonwealth and the Coming of the Rhetoric of L'etat, 1360s to 1650s". Dalam von Friedeburg, Robert; Morrill, John. Monarchy Transformed: Princes and their Elites in Early Modern Western Europe. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 87-126. 
  • Kettering, Sharon (1986). Patrons, Brokers, and Clients in Seventeenth-century France. Oxford University Press. 
  • Munns, Jessica; Richards, Penny; Spangler, Jonathan, ed. (2015). Aspiration, Representation and Memory: The Guise in Europe, 1506–1688. Ashgate Publishing. 
  • Schalk, Ellery (2001). Mentzer, Raymond A., ed. "Marseille and the Urban Experience in Sixteenth-Century France: Communal Values, Religious Reform and Absolutism". Historical Reflections / Réflexions Historiques. Vol. 27, No. 2, Aristocracies and Urban Elites in Early Modern France: A Tribute to Ellery Schalk (Summer): 241-300. 
  • Spangler, Jonathan (2016). The Society of Princes: The Lorraine-Guise and the Conservation of Power and Wealth in Seventeenth-Century France. Routledge. 
  • Tenace, Edward Shannon (2012). "Messianic Imperialism or Traditional Dynasticism? The Grand Strategy of Philip II and the Spanish Failure in the Wars of the 1590s". Dalam Andrade, Tonio; Reger, William. The Limits of Empire: European Imperial Formations in Early Modern World. Ashgate Publishing. hlm. 281-308. 

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