Cenayang adalah orang yang dapat berhubungan dengan makhluk halus.^[1] Kemampuan cenayang adalah mendapatkan informasi, energi, atau kekuatan di dalam kesadaran kosmik, serta kemampuan untuk memanfaatkan informasi, energi, atau kekuatan yang telah diperoleh.^[2]

• Ruth Brandon. (1983). The Spiritualists: The Passion for the Occult in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Alfred E. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-394-52740-6
• Edward Clodd. (1917). The Question: A Brief History and Examination of Modern Spiritualism. Grant Richards, London.
• Stuart Cumberland. (1919). Spiritualism: The Inside Truth. London: Odhams.
• Joseph Dunninger. (1935). Inside the Medium's Cabinet. New York, D. Kemp and Company.
• Willis Dutcher. (1922). On the Other Side of the Footlights: An Expose of Routines, Apparatus and Deceptions Resorted to by Mediums, Clairvoyants, Fortune Tellers and Crystal Gazers in Deluding the Public. Berlin, WI: Heaney Magic.
• Walter Mann. (1919). The Follies and Frauds of Spiritualism. Rationalist Association. London: Watts & Co.
• Joseph McCabe. (1920). Scientific Men and Spiritualism: A Skeptic's Analysis. The Living Age. June 12. pp. 652–657. A skeptical look at SPR members who had supported Spiritualism, concludes they were duped by fraudulent mediums.
• Joseph McCabe. (1920). Is Spiritualism Based On Fraud? The Evidence Given By Sir A. C. Doyle and Others Drastically Examined. London: Watts & Co.
• Georgess McHargue. (1972). Facts, Frauds, and Phantasms: A Survey of the Spiritualist Movement. Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-05305-1
• Alex Owen. (2004). The Darkened Room: Women, Power, and Spiritualism in Late Victorian England. University Of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-64205-5
• Frank Podmore. (1911). The Newer Spiritualism. Henry Holt and Company.
• Massimo Polidoro. (2003). Secrets of the Psychics: Investigating Paranormal Claims. Prometheus Books. ISBN 978-1-59102-086-8
• Harry Price and Eric Dingwall. (1975). Revelations of a Spirit Medium. Arno Press. Reprint of 1891 edition by Charles F. Pidgeon. This rare, overlooked, and forgotten, book gives the "insider's knowledge" of 19th century deceptions.
• Joseph Rinn. (1950). Sixty Years Of Psychical Research: Houdini And I Among The Spiritualists. Truth Seeker.
• Chung Ling Soo. (1898). Spirit Slate Writing and Kindred Phenomena. Munn & Company.
• Richard Wiseman. (1997). Deception & Self-Deception: Investigating Psychics. Prometheus Books. ISBN 978-1-57392-121-3

Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Spiritualist mediums.

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• Mediumship - Skeptic's Dictionary
• The ‘Medium’ Is Not the Messenger - James Randi
• Tricks of Fake Mediums Diarsipkan 2013-09-27 di Wayback Machine. - Harry Houdini
• Definisi kamus Mediumship di Wikikamus
• Papaz Büyüsü - Bağlama Büyüsü^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}