Buruh hukuman

Para terdakwa perempuan dirantai bersama di leher mereka untuk bekerja di sebuah jalan raya. Dar es Salaam, Tanganyika pada sekitar tahun 1890–1927.

Perbudakan

Perbudakan kontemporer Pekerja anak Konskripsi Ijon Kawin paksa Beli pasangan pengantin Penjualan istri Prostitusi Perdagangan manusia Pekerja sewa Buruh hukuman Perbudakan seks
Sejarah perbudakan Perbudakan antiquity Perbudakan di Romawi kuno Hukum Babylonia Perbudakan di Yunani kuno Topik dan praktik Perbudakan Atlantik Middle Passage Perbudakan Arab Ghilman Mamluk Saqaliba Perbudakan Aztec Blackbirding Perbudakan kerajaan Byzantine Coolie Kerja rodi Pekerja lapangan di Amerika Serikat Pembantu Kholop Perbudakan di Eropa abad pertengahan Panyarring Thrall Perbudakan Sejarah perbudakan Reformasi emansipasi 1861 perampasan budak Angkatan laut Budak Galley Impressment perompak Barbar Shanghaiing Budak kapal
negara atau wilayah Perbudakan di Afrika Perbudakan di Afrika kontemporer Perbudakan di Pantai Barbary Perbudakan Barbar Budak pantai Perbudakan di Angola Perbudakan di Chad Perbudakan di Ethiopia Perbudakan di Mali Perbudakan di Mauritania Perbudakan di Nigeria Perbudakan di Somalia Perbudakan di Afrika Selatan Perbudakan di Sudan Perbudakan di Seychelles Perbudakan di Amerika Americas indigenous U.S. Natives Perbudakan di Brazil Lei Áurea Perbudakan di Canada Perbudakan di Caribbean Kode Barbados Kode Noir Perbudakan di Cuba Perbudakan di Haiti Revolusi Haiti Restavek Perbudakan di Amerika Latin Perbudakan di Puerto Rico Sejarah Trinidad dan Tobago Perbudakan di Amerika Serikat Perbudakan di koloni Amerika Serikat maps Perbudakan wanita di Amerika Serikat partus penal labor Kode perbudakan interregional Human Trafficking Perbudakan di Pulau Virginia Sejarah perbudakan di Asia Perbudakan di Bhutan Perbudakan di Tiongkok Booi Aha Laogai Perbudakan di India Ijon di India Chukri System Perbudakan di Jepang comfort women Perbudakan di Korea Selatan Prostitusi di Korea Selatan Korea Utara Perbudakan di Vietnam Perbudakan di Yaman Perbudakan di Australia dan Oceania Blackbirding in Australia Perdagangan manusia di Australia Slave raiding in Easter Island Perdagangan manusia di Papua New Guinea Blackbirding in Polynesia Eropa Perdagangan di Eropa Perbudakan di British Isles Perbudakan di Denmark Perbudakan di Republik Jerman Germany in World War II Perbudakan di Poland Perbudakan di Portugal Perbudakan di Romania Perbudakan di Russia Perbudakan di spanyol colonies Perbudakan di Swedia Timur Tengah dan Afrika Utara Perbudakan di Iran Perbudakan di Libya Perdagangan manusia di Timur Tengah Perbudakan kerajaan Ottoman
Perbudakan dan Agama Alkitab dan Perbudakan Pandangan Kristen terhadap perbudakan Gereja Katolik dan perbudakan Islam Perbudakan di abad 21 Pandangan Yahudi terhadap perbudakan
Oposisi dan resistans Timeline Abolitionism U.K. U.S. Anti-perbudakan Internasional Blockade of Africa U.K. U.S. Compensated emancipation Freedman manumission Freedom suit Abolitionists Slave Power Underground Railroad songs Pembebasan Budak Slave Trade Acts Perbudakan dalam Hukum Internasional Amendemen ke-13 Konstitusi Amerika Serikat
Hubungan Common law Indentured servant Unfree labour Fugitive slaves laws Great Dismal Swamp maroons Daftar para budak Daftar pemilik budak Slave narrative films songs Nama budak Slave Route Project Treatment in U.S. breeding court cases George Washington dan perbudakan Thomas Jefferson dan perbudakan Adams Abraham Lincoln dan perbudakan 40 acres Freedmen's Bureau bit Wage slavery Hari Emansipasi
l b s

Buruh hukuman adalah sebuah istilah generik untuk berbagai jenis buruh paksa^[1] yang terdiri dari para tahanan yang biasanya diwajibkan untuk menjadi buruh manual. Pekerjaan tersebut dapat bersifat ringan atau berat, tergantung pada konteksnya.^[2]

Referensi

^ Secretariat, United Nations. (1962). "Yearbook on Human Rights". Civil Rights: 102.
^ Parliament, Great Britain. House of Commons (1855). "Parliamentary Papers". 25. H.M. Stationery Office, 1855: 52.

Bacaan tambahan

Douglas A. Blackmon. Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black People in America from the Civil War to World War II (2008)
Matthew J. Mancini. One Dies, Get Another: Convict Leasing in the American South, 1866–1928 (1996)
Alex Lichtenstein. Twice the Work of Free Labor: The Political Economy of Convict Labor in the New South (1996)
David M. Oshinsky. "Worse than Slavery": Parchman Farm and the Ordeal of Jim Crow Justice (1996).
Bloom, D. (2006). Employment Focused Programs for Ex-Prisoners: What Have We Learned, What Are We Learning, and Where Should We Go From Here? New York: National Poverty Center.

Pranala luar

Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Penal labor.

McGarry v. Pallito 2nd Cir 2012^{[pranala nonaktif]}

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