Braille bahasa Jerman

Braille bahasa Jerman
Jenis aksara
Bahasabahasa Jerman
Periode
kira-kira 1878
Dasar cetak
alfabet bahasa Jerman
Basis cetak
alfabet bahasa Jerman
Aksara terkait
Silsilah
tulisan malam
Aksara turunan
Braille bahasa Tibet
Pengkodean Unicode
U+2800 to U+283F

Braille bahasa Jerman adalah salah satu alfabet braille yang lebih tua. Urutan penetapan huruf yang berdasarkan Prancis sebagian besar diselesaikan dengan konvensi 1878 yang memutuskan baku braille internasional. Walau bagaimanapun, penetapan huruf Jerman selain 26 alfabet Latin dasar sebagian besar tidak berkaitan dengan Prancis.

Huruf

Indeks braille bahasa Jerman di museum Nixdor

Dalam urutan berangka berdasarkan dekade, huruf-hurufnya adalah:

⠁ (braille pattern dots-1)
a
  		⠃ (braille pattern dots-12)
b
  		⠉ (braille pattern dots-14)
c
en 		⠙ (braille pattern dots-145)
d
  		⠑ (braille pattern dots-15)
e
  		⠋ (braille pattern dots-124)
f
  		⠛ (braille pattern dots-1245)
g
  		⠓ (braille pattern dots-125)
h
  		⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
i
  		⠚ (braille pattern dots-245)
j
 
⠅ (braille pattern dots-13)
k
  		⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)
l
  		⠍ (braille pattern dots-134)
m
  		⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345)
n
  		⠕ (braille pattern dots-135)
o
  		⠏ (braille pattern dots-1234)
p
  		⠟ (braille pattern dots-12345)
q
ll 		⠗ (braille pattern dots-1235)
r
  		⠎ (braille pattern dots-234)
s
  		⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345)
t
 
⠥ (braille pattern dots-136)
u
  		⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)
v
  		⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)
x
mm 		⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456)
y
el 		⠵ (braille pattern dots-1356)
z
  		⠯ (braille pattern dots-12346)
&
ge 		⠿ (braille pattern dots-123456)
%
es 		⠷ (braille pattern dots-12356)

em 		⠮ (braille pattern dots-2346)
ß
ss 		⠾ (braille pattern dots-23456)
st
 
⠡ (braille pattern dots-16)
au
  		⠣ (braille pattern dots-126)
eu
  		⠩ (braille pattern dots-146)
ei
  		⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456)
ch
  		⠱ (braille pattern dots-156)
sch
  		⠫ (braille pattern dots-1246)

ein 		⠻ (braille pattern dots-12456)

er 		⠳ (braille pattern dots-1256)
ü
  		⠪ (braille pattern dots-246)
ö
  		⠺ (braille pattern dots-2456)
w
 
⠂ (braille pattern dots-2)

  		⠆ (braille pattern dots-23)

be 		⠒ (braille pattern dots-25)

al 		⠲ (braille pattern dots-256)

un 		⠢ (braille pattern dots-26)

or 		⠖ (braille pattern dots-235)

an 		⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356)

eh 		⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)

tt 		⠔ (braille pattern dots-35)

in 		⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)

ar
⠘ (braille pattern dots-45)

-ig 		⠌ (braille pattern dots-34)
äu
  		⠜ (braille pattern dots-345)
ä
  		⠬ (braille pattern dots-346)
ie
  		⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456)
#
ich 		⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
$
ck 		⠸ (braille pattern dots-456)

-lich 		⠰ (braille pattern dots-56)

-ach

Tanda aksen generik, ⠈, digunakan dengan nama asing seperti ⠍⠕⠇⠊⠈⠑⠗⠑ Molière yang mempunyai huruf beraksen yang tidak ditemui dalam bahasa Jerman. Terdapat banyak pemendekan dan singkatan.

Tanda baca

Tanda baca adalah sebagai berikut:

⠄ (braille pattern dots-3)
.[1] 		⠂ (braille pattern dots-2)
, 		⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)
’ 		⠆ (braille pattern dots-23)
 ; 		⠒ (braille pattern dots-25)
 : 		⠢ (braille pattern dots-26)
 ? 		⠖ (braille pattern dots-235)
 ! 		⠤ (braille pattern dots-36)
- 		⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)⠤ (braille pattern dots-36)
— 		⠐ (braille pattern dots-5)⠂ (braille pattern dots-2)
/ 		⠸ (braille pattern dots-456)⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)
| 		⠈ (braille pattern dots-4)⠌ (braille pattern dots-34)
\ 		⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)⠔ (braille pattern dots-35)
* 		⠈ (braille pattern dots-4)⠸ (braille pattern dots-456)
_

Hanya tanda bintang pertama yang ditandai dengan titik 6, jadi cetakan *** dalam braille ⠠⠔⠔⠔.

⠬ (braille pattern dots-346)
§ 		⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)
Art. 		⠐ (braille pattern dots-5)⠥ (braille pattern dots-136)
& 		⠈ (braille pattern dots-4)⠜ (braille pattern dots-345)
@ 		⠈ (braille pattern dots-4)⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)
° 		⠈ (braille pattern dots-4)⠔ (braille pattern dots-35)
′ 		⠈ (braille pattern dots-4)⠔ (braille pattern dots-35)⠔ (braille pattern dots-35)
″

⠴ adalah tanda Artikel, menandai artikel dokumen.

⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)⠀ (braille pattern blank)⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)
„   “ 		⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)⠀ (braille pattern blank)⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)
‘   ’ 		⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356)⠀ (braille pattern blank)⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356)
(   ) 		⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356)⠀ (braille pattern blank)⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356)
[   ]

Untuk tanda kurung transkripsi fonetik, braille bahasa Jerman menggunakan bentuk yang diubah suai, ⠰⠶⠀⠰⠶.

Tanda baca dan simbol tambahan, terutama matematis, dijelaskan dalam rujukan luar di bawah ini.

Angka

Angka diperkenalkan dengan tanda ⠼. Angka ini diturunkan ke dekade 5 untuk ordinal dan untuk penyebut pecahan.

Jadi, misalnya, ⠼⠙ adalah ⟨4⟩, sedangkan ⠼⠲ adalah ⟨4.⟩ (4th), dan ⠼⠉⠲ adalah ⟨¾⟩́.

⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456)
(bil.) 		⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456)⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)
 % 		⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456)⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)
‰

Tanda perseratus memerlukan tanda bilangan bahkan setelah angka: ⠼⠃⠼⠴ ⟨2%⟩; jika tidai terlihat seperti pecahan (tak terdefinisi)2⁄0.

Dalam pecahan campuran, pengulangan tanda bilangan memisahkan satuan dari pecahan: ⠼⠁⠼⠁⠆ ⟨1 ½⟩.

Pemformatan

⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456)
(bil.) 		⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
(CAPS) 		⠘ (braille pattern dots-45)
(CAPS) 		⠘ (braille pattern dots-45)⠘ (braille pattern dots-45)
(SEMUA CAPS) 		⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)
(l.c.) 		⠸ (braille pattern dots-456)
(penegasan) 		⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)⠄ (braille pattern dots-3)
(akhir)

Rujukan

  1. ^ And thus the ellipsis, ⠄⠄⠄ (...).

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