β-Karoten adalah pigmen berwarna dominan merah-jingga yang ditemukan secara alami pada tumbuhan dan buah-buahan. Beta karoten merupakan senyawa organik, secara kimiawi diklasifikasikan sebagai hidrokarbon, dan secara spesifik diklasifikasikan sebagai terpenoid (isoprenoid), mencerminkan bahwa ia merupakan turunan unit isoprena. Beta karoten disintesis oleh tumbuhan dari geranilgeranil pirofosfat.[1]
Beta karoten merupakan anggota karoten, yang merupakan tetraterpena turunan dari isoprena dan memiliki rantai karbon berjumlah 40. Di antara semua karoten, beta karoten dicirikan dengan keberadaan cincin beta pada kedua ujung molekulnya. Penyerapan beta karoten oleh tubuh meningkat dengan meningkatnya asupan lemak, karena karoten larut oleh lemak.
Beta karoten adalah senyawa yang memberikan warna jingga pada wortel, labu, dan ubi, dan merupakan senyawa karoten yang paling umum pada tumbuhan. Ketika diaplikasikan sebagai pewarna makanan, beta karoten memiliki bilangan E160.[2] Di alam, beta karoten adalah bentuk awal dari Vitamin A melalui enzim beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase.[1] Isolasi beta karoten di dalam buah-buahan umumnya menggunakan metode kromatografi kolom. Pemisahan beta karoten dari campuran dengan senyawa karotenoid lainnya berdasarkan polaritasnya. Beta karoten bersifat non-polar, sehingga dapat dipisahkan dengan pelarut non-polar seperti heksana.[3]
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