Barometer

Barometer atau pengukur tekanan udara adalah sebuah alat yang digunakan untuk mengukur tekanan udara. Barometer umum digunakan dalam peramalan cuaca, di mana tekanan udara yang tinggi menandakan cuaca yang "bersahabat", sedangkan tekanan udara rendah menandakan kemungkinan badai.

Etimologi

Digital barometric pressure sensor BMP085, Bosch Sensortec, used for e.g. altimeters.

Istilah Barometer diperkenalkan pada 1665-1666 oleh seorang ilmuwan alam dari Irlandia bernama Robert Boyle. Kata tersebut diturunkan dari istilah Yunani báros yang berarti 'berat, bobot' dan métron yang berarti 'ukuran', yang berarti ukuran berat udara.

Digunakan terutama oleh ahli meteorologi, pilot, dan pelaut, barometer digunakan untuk memprediksi kondisi cuaca dengan mengukur perubahan tekanan atmosfer.

Barometer tidak memberitahu cuaca pada saat itu, melainkan memprediksi cuaca yang akan terjadi satu atau dua hari kemudian.

Barometer akan berfungsi sama baiknya saat diletakkan di dalam maupun di luar ruangan.

Terdapat empat jenis barometer, berikut adalah deskripsi singkatnya.

Barometer raksa

Sementara barometer raksa tersedia dalam berbagai rancangan, barometer raksa standar terdiri dari tabung kaca vertikal dengan kolom merkuri di dalamnya.

Ujung atas tabung kaca disegel (tertutup), sedangkan ujung tabung yang lain dibiarkan terbuka dan dibenamkan dalam wadah yang berisi raksa.

Ketika tekanan atmosfer turun, kolom merkuri dalam tabung kaca juga turun, fenomena yang menandakan potensi badai.

Saat badai berlalu, level merkuri akan mulai naik seiring dengan tekanan atmosfer yang juga naik.

Barometer air

Barometer air – juga dikenal sebagai termometer Goethe – terdiri dari wadah kaca tertutup yang setengah terisi air dan semacam cabang kecil (cerat).

Cerat kaca terhubung ke wadah kaca. Karena saling terhubung, cerat dan wadah kaca akan terisi air.

Ketika tekanan atmosfer rendah, level air pada cerat perlahan akan naik melebihi permukaan air dalam wadah kaca.

Bila level air di cerat turun, hal ini berarti tekanan atmosfer berubah menjadi lebih tinggi.

Barometer aneroid

Diciptakan pada tahun 1843, barometer aneroid memiliki mekanisme yang rumit untuk membaca perubahan tekanan atmosfer.

Barometer aneroid terdiri dari wadah dan semacam logam lentur yang dikenal sebagai kapsul aneroid atau sel.

Aneroid ini terbuat dari paduan berilium dan tembaga. Wadah kemudian disegel setelah udara dikosongkan.

Ketika kotak logam mengembang atau menyusut karena perubahan tekanan luar, perangkat dalam barometer menerjemahkannya menjadi pembacaan tekanan udara.

Barograf (barograph)

Barograf merupakan jenis barometer aneroid, namun tidak hanya melakukan pembacaan melainkan juga merekam hasil pencatatan selama periode waktu tertentu.

Dibuat dari silinder logam dengan lengan pena, barograf membaca perubahan tekanan atmosfer seperti barometer aneroid sedangkan lengan pena mencatat hasil pengukuran pada kertas atau media lain.

Hasil pencatatan ini – dikenal sebagai barogram – memungkinkan para ilmuwan dan ahli meteorologi untuk mempelajari iklim suatu daerah dalam jangka panjang, bukan hanya cuaca dalam satu hari.

Lihat pula

Referensi

Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Barometer.

Burch, David F. The Barometer Handbook; a modern look at barometers and applications of barometric pressure. Seattle: Starpath Publications (2009), ISBN 978-0-914025-12-2.
Middleton, W.E. Knowles. (1964). The history of the barometer. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press. New edition (2002), ISBN 0-8018-7154-9.

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