Bahasa Uighur Kuno

Bahasa Uighur Kuno
Dituturkan diKekhaganan Uighur, Kerajaan Qocho, Kerajaan Uighur Gansu
WilayahHami, Turpan, Gansu
EraAbad ke-9 hingga 14
Bentuk awal
Abjad Turk Kuno,[1] Abjad Uighur Kuno
Kode bahasa
ISO 639-3oui
Glottologoldu1238[2]
IETFoui
Informasi penggunaan templat
Status pemertahanan
Terancam

CRSingkatan dari Critically endangered (Terancam Kritis)
SESingkatan dari Severely endangered (Terancam berat)
DESingkatan dari Devinitely endangered (Terancam)
VUSingkatan dari Vulnerable (Rentan)
Aman

NESingkatan dari Not Endangered (Tidak terancam)
ICHEL Red Book: Extinct

Uighur Kuno diklasifikasikan sebagai bahasa yang telah punah (EX) pada Atlas Bahasa-Bahasa di Dunia yang Terancam Kepunahan

Referensi: [3][4]
 Portal Bahasa
L • B • PW   
Sunting kotak info  Lihat butir Wikidata  Info templat

Bahasa Uighur Kuno (Hanzi sederhana: 回鹘语; Hanzi tradisional: 回鶻語; Pinyin: Huíhú yǔ) adalah sebuah bahasa Turk yang dipakai di Kerajaan Qocho pada abad ke-9 hingga abad k-14 dan juga di Gansu.

Sejarah

Pahatan berbahasa Uighur di dinding timur dari Teras Awan Celah Juyong.

Bahasa Uighur Kuno berkembang dari bahasa Turk Kuno setelah pecahnya Kekhaganan Uighur yang menyebabkan migrasi orang-orang Uighur ke Gansu, Turfan, dan Hami pada abad ke-9. Orang Uighur di Turfan dan Qomul mendirikan Kerajaan Qocho dan mulai memeluk agama Maniisme dan agama Buddha. Sementara itu, orang Uighur di Gansu awalnya mendirikan Kerajaan Uighur Gansu namun kemudian menjadi subjek dari Xia Barat. Keturunan mereka kini adalah orang Yugur.

Kerajaan Qocho mampu berdiri dengan menjadi negara satelit dari Kekaisaran Mongol. Akan tetapi, serangan Kekhanan Chagatai Islam merebut Turfan dan Qomul dan meruntuhkan Qocho. Bahasa Uighur Kuno kemudian punah di Turfan dan Qomul.

Bahasa Uighur kini tidak berkembang dari bahasa Uighur Kuno namun dari bahasa Karluk yang dipakai di Kekhanan Kara-Khanid[5] atau secara spesifik yaitu bahasa Xākānī seperti disebutkan oleh Mahmud al-Kashgari. Sementara itu, bahasa Yugur Barat dinilai merupakan keturunan asli dari bahasa Uighur Kuno. Gerard Clauson menyebut bahasa tersebut sebagai bahasa "Uighur Baru".[6] Menurut Frederik Coene dan Martina Roos, bahasa Uighur modern dan bahasa Yugur Barat berasal dari cabang yang berbeda di silsilah rumpun bahasa Turk. Bahasa Uighur berada di kelompok tenggara (Karluk) sementara bahasa Yugur berada di kelompok timur laut (Siberia).[7][8]

Pustaka

Sebagian dari kumpulan kepustakaan bahasa Uighur Kuno adalah naskah keagamaan Maniisme dan agama Buddha dengan beberapa contoh ditemukan di manuskrip Dunhuang. Pahatan dalam beberapa bahsa termasuk bahasa Uighur Kuno dapat ditemukan di Gua Yulin,[9] Teras Awan Celah Juyong, dan Prasasti Sulaiman.

Aksara

Bahasa Uighur Kuno ditulis menggunakan abjad Uighur Kuno yang merupakan perkembangan dari abjad Sogdi

Referensi

  1. ^ Marcel Erdal (1991). Old Turkic Word Formation: A Functional Approach to the Lexicon. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. hlm. 5–. ISBN 978-3-447-03084-7. 
  2. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, ed. (2023). "Old Uighur". Glottolog 4.8. Jena, Jerman: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 
  3. ^ "UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger" (dalam bahasa bahasa Inggris, Prancis, Spanyol, Rusia, and Tionghoa). UNESCO. 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 29 April 2022. Diakses tanggal 26 Juni 2011. 
  4. ^ "UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger" (PDF) (dalam bahasa Inggris). UNESCO. 2010. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 31 Mei 2022. Diakses tanggal 31 Mei 2022. 
  5. ^ Arik 2008, p. 145
  6. ^ Clauson.
  7. ^ Coene 2009, hlm. 75.
  8. ^ Roos, Martina Erica. 2000. The Western Yugur (Yellow Yugur) Language: Grammar, Texts, Vocabulary. Diss. University of Leiden. Leiden, p. 5.
  9. ^ Dai Matsui (2008). "Revising the Uigur Inscriptions of the Yulin Caves". Studies on the Inner Asian Languages. Osaka University. 23: 17–33. ISSN 1341-5670. 

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