Bahasa Kucha

Bahasa Kucha
Kuśiññe
Kuche
Tokharia B
Prasasti berbahasa Tokharia bertuliskan: "Buddha ini dilukis oleh tangan Sanketava"
Dituturkan diKucha
WilayahCekungan Tarim, Asia Tengah
EtnisBangsa Tokharia
Kepunahanabad ke-9 M
Bentuk awal
Kode bahasa
ISO 639-3txbkode inklusif
txb
LINGUIST List
LINGUIST list sudah tidak beroperasi lagi
xtb Tokharia B
Glottologtokh1243[1]
IETFtxb
Status pemertahanan
Terancam

CRSingkatan dari Critically endangered (Terancam Kritis)
SESingkatan dari Severely endangered (Terancam berat)
DESingkatan dari Devinitely endangered (Terancam)
VUSingkatan dari Vulnerable (Rentan)
Aman

NESingkatan dari Not Endangered (Tidak terancam)
ICHEL Red Book: Extinct

Kucha diklasifikasikan sebagai bahasa yang telah punah (EX) pada Atlas Bahasa-Bahasa di Dunia yang Terancam Kepunahan

Referensi: [2][3]
Artikel ini mengandung simbol fonetik IPA. Tanpa bantuan render yang baik, Anda akan melihat tanda tanya, kotak, atau simbol lain, bukan karakter Unicode. Untuk pengenalan mengenai simbol IPA, lihat Bantuan:IPA.
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Bahasa Kucha (juga dieja sebagai Kuche, dan juga disebut sebagai bahasa Tokharia B atau Tokharia Barat) adalah suatu bahasa Tokharia yang pernah dituturkan hingga abad ke-9 Masehi, di kerajaan Kucha yang terletak di Cekungan Tarim, Asia Tengah. Bersama dengan Tokharia A dan C, ketiga bahasa tersebut baru ditemukan kembali pada khalayak modern pada abad ke-20.[4][5]

Referensi

Catatan kaki

  1. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, ed. (2023). "Tokharian B". Glottolog 4.8. Jena, Jerman: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 
  2. ^ "UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger" (dalam bahasa bahasa Inggris, Prancis, Spanyol, Rusia, and Tionghoa). UNESCO. 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 29 April 2022. Diakses tanggal 26 Juni 2011. 
  3. ^ "UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger" (PDF) (dalam bahasa Inggris). UNESCO. 2010. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 31 Mei 2022. Diakses tanggal 31 Mei 2022. 
  4. ^ M. Peyrot, Variation and Change in Tocharian B, Amsterdam and New York, 2008
  5. ^ Michaël Peyrot (2015), TOCHARIAN LANGUAGE iranicaonline.org

Daftar pustaka

  • Penney, J. H. W.. "74. The documentation of Tocharian". In: Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook. Volume 2. Edited by Jared Klein, Brian Joseph and Matthias Fritz. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, 2017. pp. 1298-1303. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110523874-029
  • Peyrot, Michaël. Variation and change in Tocharian B. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2008. doi: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004358218
  • Widmer, Paul. "79. The dialectology of Tocharian" In: Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook. Volume 2. Edited by Jared Klein, Brian Joseph and Matthias Fritz. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, 2017. pp. 1389-1396. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110523874-034

Pustaka lanjutan

  • Adams, Douglas Q. “Studies in Tocharian Vocabulary II: Words Pertaining to the Lower Limbs in Tocharian B.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 103, no. 3 (1983): 611–13. https://doi.org/10.2307/602042.
  • Adams, Douglas Q. “Studies in Tocharian Vocabulary III: Three Tocharian B Terms for Parts of the Upper Body.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 103, no. 4 (1983): 759–60. https://doi.org/10.2307/602235.
  • Adams, Douglas Q. “Studies in Tocharian Vocabulary IV: A Quartet of Words from a Tocharian B Magic Text.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 106, no. 2 (1986): 339–41. https://doi.org/10.2307/601599.
  • ARNDT, WALTER W., PAUL W. BROSMAN, FREDERIC E. COENEN, and WERNER P. FRIEDRICH, eds. “On the Interrelationship of the Tocharian Dialects.” In Studies in Historical Linguistics in Honor of George Sherman Lane: Festschrift for George S. Lane, 58:105–34. University of North Carolina Press, 1967. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5149/9781469657035_arndt.13.
  • Chao-jung (蓉 慶昭), C. , Kazuyuki (和幸 江南), E. , & Yoshihiro (至弘 岡田), O. "Paper in Eighth-Century Kucha: Discovery of Cotton Fibres within Chinese and Kuchean Documents". In: Central Asiatic Journal Volume 63, Issue 1-2 (2020). pp. 71-104 DOI: https://doi.org/10.13173/centasiaj.63.1-2.0071
  • Chen, R. "Vignettes of Buddhist Asceticism: Jottings on Six Fragments in Tocharian B*". In: Central Asiatic Journal Volume 61, Issue 2 (2018). pp. 217-256. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13173/centasiaj.61.2.0217
  • Hilmarsson, Jörundur. “West Tocharian Lyauto ‘Hole, Opening’ and Related Words”. In: Historische Sprachforschung [Historical Linguistics] 101, no. 1 (1988): 166–69. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40848921.
  • Kim, Ronald I. “Another Look at Tocharian B Ṣarya.” Historische Sprachforschung / Historical Linguistics 122 (2009): 111–17. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41430701.
  • Malzahn, Melanie. “Now You See It, Now You Don’t – Bewegliches -o in Tocharisch B”. In: Multilingualism and History of Knowledge, Vol. 2: Linguistic Developments Along the Silkroad: Archaism and Innovation in Tocharian, edited by OLAV HACKSTEIN and RONALD I. KIM, 12:33–82. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 2012. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt3fgk5q.5.
  • Ogihara, Hirotoshi. "Chapter 3. Two Fragments of Tocharian B laissez-passers Kept in the Berlin Collection*". In: Great Journeys across the Pamir Mountains. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2018. pp. 33–45. doi: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004362253_004
  • Peyrot, Michaёl, and Jens Wilkens. “TWO TOCHARIAN B FRAGMENTS PARALLEL TO THE HARIŚCANDRA-AVADĀNA OF THE OLD UYGHUR DAŚAKARMAPATHĀVADĀNAMĀLĀ.” Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 67, no. 3 (2014): 319–35. https://www.jstor.org/stable/90004169.
  • Stumpf, Peter. “Westtocharisch Se-Seṃ: Zwei Paradigmen Oder Nur Eines?”. In: Zeitschrift Für Vergleichende Sprachforschung 90, no. 1/2 (1976): 114–27. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40848492.
  • Winter, Werner. “A Linguistic Classification of ‘Tocharian’ B Texts.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 75, no. 4 (1955): 216–25. https://doi.org/10.2307/595385.
  • Winter, Werner. “Lexical Interchange between ‘Tocharian’ A and B.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 81, no. 3 (1961): 271–80. https://doi.org/10.2307/595658.
  • Wilkens, Jens, Georges-Jean Pinault, and Michaël Peyrot. “A TOCHARIAN B PARALLEL TO THE LEGEND OF KALMĀṢAPĀDA AND SUTASOMA OF THE OLD UYGHUR DAŚAKARMAPATHĀVADĀNAMĀLĀ.” Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 67, no. 1 (2014): 1–18. https://www.jstor.org/stable/90004088.
  • Woolner, A. C. “Sanskrit Names of Drugs in Kuchean”. In: The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, no. 4 (1925): 623–38. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25220813.

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