Bahasa Hindko

Bahasa Hindko
ہندکو
Panjistani
Hindko dalam Shahmukhi
Dituturkan diPakistan
WilayahPeshawar, Kohat, Divisi Hazara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pothohar Plateau, Punjab, Azad Kashmir
Etnisberagam (Hindkowan)
Penutur
370 juta (2016)[1]
Perincian data penutur

Jumlah penutur beserta (jika ada) metode pengambilan, jenis, tanggal, dan tempat.

Dialek
Peshawari
Hazara Hindko
Tanauli
Shahmukhi
Kode bahasa
ISO 639-3Mencakup:
hnd – Hindko Selatan
hno – Hindko Utara
Glottologhind1271[2]
 Portal Bahasa
L • B • PW   
Sunting kotak info  Lihat butir Wikidata  Info templat

Templat:Contains Hindko text

Hindko (ہندکو ALA-LC: [Hindko] Error: {{Transl}}: unrecognized language / script code: Hindko (help) IPA: [hɪnd̪koː]) adalah sebuah istilah sampul untuk sebuah kelompok beragam dari dialek Lahnda (Punjabi Barat) yang dipakai oleh orang dair brbagai latar belakang etnis di beberapa kawasan tak berkelanjutan di barat laut Pakistan, utamanya di provinsi-provinsi Khyber Pakhtunkhwa dan Punjab.[3] Beragam nama untuk kelompok bahasa tersebut meliputi Hindki,[4][a] Panjistani dan Pahari yang ambigu.[5]

Catatan

  1. ^ Istilah Hindki biasanya merujuk kepada pemakai Hindko dan (Shackle 1980, hlm. 482) mengabarkan bahwa di Pashto, istilah tersebut lebih berkonotasi perojatif, yang dihindari dengan istilah yang paling terkini diperkenalkan Hindkūn.

Referensi

  1. ^ Templat:E20, citing the 2014 World Factbook.
  2. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, ed. (2023). "Hindko". Glottolog 4.8. Jena, Jerman: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 
  3. ^ For the heterogeneity of the dialects, see (Rensch 1992, hlm. 53); (Masica 1991, hlm. 18–19); (Shackle 1980, hlm. 482). Untuk keragaman etnis, lihat (Rensch 1992, hlm. 10–11)
  4. ^ Rensch 1992, hlm. 4.
  5. ^ Shackle 2010.

Daftar pustaka

Templat:Contains Hindko text

Bacaan tambahan

  • 1974: Phonology of Verbal Phrase in Hindko, Dr E.B.A. Awan published by Idara-e-Farogh-e-Hindko Peshawar in 1992.
  • 2004: Hindko Sautiyat, Dr E.B.A. Awan, published by Gandhara Hindko Board Peshawar in 2004.
  • 2005: Hindko Land - a thesis presented by Dr E.B.A. Awan at the World Hindko Conference at Peshawar in 2005.
  • 1978: "Rival linguistic identities in Pakistan Punjab." Rule, protest, identity: aspects of modern South Asia (ed. P. Robb & D. Taylor), 213-34. London: Curzon
  • Monthly Farogh Peshawar Hindko magazine March 2010.
  • Karachi main Hindko zaban o adab Dr.Syed Mehboob ka kirdar " by Kamal Shah
  • Toker, Halil (2014). A practical guide to Hindko Grammar. Trafford Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4907-2379-2.  (based on the Hindko of Peshawar)

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