Bahan

Bahan atau material adalah zat atau benda yang dari mana sesuatu dapat dibuat darinya, atau barang yang dibutuhkan untuk membuat sesuatu. Material adalah sebuah masukan dalam produksi. Material sering kali adalah bahan mentah yang belum diproses, tetapi kadang kala telah diproses sebelum digunakan untuk proses produksi lebih lanjut. Umumnya, dalam masyarakat teknologi maju, material adalah bahan konsumen yang belum selesai. Beberapa contohnya adalah kertas dan sutra. Kata "bahan" kadang kala digunakan untuk menunjuk ke pakaian atau kain.

Material teknik

Material teknik adalah jenis material yang banyak dipakai dalam proses rekayasa dan industri. Material teknik dikelompokkan menjadi 6 golongan, a.l.:

  1. Logam: baja, besi cor, titanium, logam paduan, dll.
  2. Polimer: polietilan, polipropilen, polikarbonat, dll.
  3. Karet: isopren, neopren, karet alam, dll
  4. Gelas: gelas soda, gelas silika, gelas borosilikat
  5. Keramik: alumina, karbida silikon, nitrida silikon, dll.
  6. Hibrida: komposit, sandwich, foam

Sifat-sifat bahan

  1. Sifat mekanikal, meliputi kekuatan tarik dan tekan, elastisitas, kekuatan kejut, dll.
  2. Sifat termal, meliputi konduktivitas panas, temperatur kerja maksimum, koefisien ekspansi termal, difusivitas termal, dll.
  3. Sifat listrik dan magnetik, meliputi konduktivitas listrik, dielektrika, magnetisasi, dll.
  4. Sifat optik, meliputi refraktivitas, reflektivitas, absostif, dll.
  5. Sifat kimia, meliputi korosifitas, oksidasi, ketahanan terhadap sinar ultraviolet, dll.

Beberapa material penting

Daftar pustaka

  • (Inggris) Ashby, Michael; Shercliff, Hugh; Cebon, David (2007), " Materials - Engineering, Science, Processing and Design", Elsevier ISBN 0-7506-8391-0

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