Ayan Utsmaniyah

Ayan Utsmaniyah (tunggal: ayn) adalah bangsawan lokal atau anggota dinasti yang memegang kontrol administratif atas paruh wilayah Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah dari abad ke-16 sampai awal abad ke-19.[1] Para anggota dinasti tersebut memegang otonomi signifikan dari pemerintahan pusat Utsmaniyah.[2]

Referensi

  1. ^ Gabor Agoston, Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire (New York: Gabor Agoston and Bruce Masters, 2008), https://books.google.com/books?id=QjzYdCxumFcC&pg=PA64&lpg=PA64&dq=ottoman+empire+ayan&source=bl&ots=Pe-6L9KHwb&sig=WkQBRxbuH6C83tUd1hL5hL6wqn0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwidhKqXiPTMAhVMO1IKHdrmAecQ6AEIQjAI#v=onepage&q=ottoman%20empire%20ayan&f=false.
  2. ^ M. Sukru Hanioglu, A Brief History of the Late Ottoman Empire (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008).

Pranala luar

  • [1] Gabor Agoston, Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire (New York: Gabor Agoston and Bruce Masters, 2008).
  • [2] Gabriel Piterberg, “The Formation of an Ottoman Egyptian Elite in the 18th Century,” in International Journal of Middle East Studies Vol. 22, No. 3, 1990.
  • [3] Eliana Balla and Noel D. Johnson, “Fiscal Crisis and Institutional Change in the Ottoman Empire and France,” in The Journal of Economic History Vol. 63, No. 9, 2009.
  • [4] Sherry Lee Williams, “Ottoman Land Policy and Social Change: The Syrian Provinces,” in Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae Vol. 35, No. 1, 1981.

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