Atresia esofagus


Atresia esofagus atau dikenal juga dengan nama Esophageal atresia adalah kondisi tidak berkembangnya esofagus pada janin sehingga makanan tidak bisa dilewatkan dari mulut ke perut.[1]

Sebab

Esophageal atresia adalah kelainan bawaan, yang berarti terjadi sebelum kelahiran. Ada beberapa jenisnya, kebanyakan berupa esofagus terputus dan tidak tersambung dengan esofagus bawa dan perut. Ujung esofagus bawah malah menyambung dengan saluran napas. Kondisi ini disebut tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). Beberapa bayi dengan kondisi ini biasanya mengalami masalah lainnya, seperti gangguan jantung dan pencernaan.[1]

Gejala

  • Kulit membiru tiap kali usaha menyusui
  • Batuk, muntah dan tercekik tiap kali usaha menyusui
  • Hipersaliva
  • Sulit menyusu.[1]

Pemeriksaan

Sebelum kelahiran, pemeriksaan USG bisa memperlihatkan ketuban dalam jumlah terlalu banyak (poli hidramnion), yang bisa memperlihatkan tanda esophageal atresia atau penyakit lain terkait tersumbatnya saluran pencernaan. Kelainan ini juga biasanya terdeteksi sesaat setelah kelahiran saat proses menyusui dilakukan dan bayi langsung batuk, muntah, atau membiru. Begitu kondisi ini dicurigai sebagai esophageal atresia, saluran kecil dibuat dari mulut atau hidung ke perut oleh tenaga kesehatan profesional, tetapi usaha ini tidak akan secara sempurna menyalurkan seluruh bahan makanan ke perut bayi.

Pemeriksaan sinar x terhadap esofagus akan memperlihatkan kantong berisi udara dan udara di dalam perut dan usus. Jika saluran makan diselipkan, maka akan terlihat melilit di esofagus atas.[1]

Penyembuhan

Esophageal atresia dianggap keadaan darurat operasi. Operasi untuk memperbaiki esofagus harus segera dilakukan begitu bayi berhasil distabilkan sehingga kerusakan tenggorokan tidak sempat terjadi dan bayi bisa segera disusui. Sebelum operasi, bayi tidak bisa disusui melalui mulut. Perawatan diberikan untuk mencegah bayi menghirup sekresinya sendiri ke dalam tenggorokan.[1]

Referensi

  1. ^ a b c d e Esophageal atresia. Diakses dari situs National Library of Medicine pada 12 Januari 2015
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