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Atmosfer Jupiter adalah atmosfer keplanetan terbesar dalam Tata Surya. Atmosfernya sebagian besar terbentuk dari hidrogen molekuler dan helium dalam proporsi solar yang lebih kurang sama; senyawa kimia lainnya hanya ada dalam jumlah kecil dan meliputi metana, amonia, hidrogen sulfida, dan air. Meskipun air diduga berada jauh di dalam atmosfer, konsentrasi terukur langsungnya sangat rendah. Nitrogen, sulfur, dan gas mulia melimpah dalam atmosfer Jupiter melebihi nilai solar yang disebabkan oleh sekitar tiga faktor.^[1]

Atmosfer Jupiter tidak memiliki batas bawah yang jelas dan secara bertahap bertransisi menjadi bagian dalam planet yang cair.^[2] Dari yang terendah sampai tertinggi, lapisan atmosfer adalah troposfer, stratosfer, termosfer, dan eksosfer. Setiap lapisan memiliki karakteristik gradien suhu.^[3] Lapisan terendah, troposfer, memiliki sistem awan dan kabut yang rumit, yang terdiri dari lapisan amonia, amonium hidrosulfida, dan air.^[4]

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